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arXiv 2412.04040astro-ph.GA
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人马座B2的物理与化学结构 VIII:热核的完整分子线巡天

The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2, VIII. Full molecular line survey of hot cores

T. Möller, P. Schilke, Á. Sánchez-Monge, A. Schmiedeke

AI总结:

本研究利用ALMA对人马座B2的47个源开展6波段无偏谱线巡天,通过XCLASS分析其化学组成与演化阶段,识别出65种同位素体,为天体化学模型提供观测约束。

摘要:

位于银河系中心分子区的巨型分子云复合体人马座B2(Sgr B2)包含多个大质量恒星形成位点,其中Sgr B2(M)和Sgr B2(N)是主要的活动中心。本分析旨在综合模拟每个核的光谱,同时考虑分子谱线、尘埃衰减以及自由-自由发射的相互作用。我们对每个热核的分子含量进行了分析,并确定了所探测源的化学组成。借助ALMA的高灵敏度,我们旨在表征Sgr B2(M)和N中的热核族群,从而更好地理解该复合体内恒星形成过程的不同演化阶段。我们利用ALMA在6波段(211-275 GHz)对47个源开展了无偏谱线巡天。在假设局地热力学平衡的前提下,使用XCLASS(分子谱线分析工具)推导了化学组成与柱密度。通过考虑整个光谱范围内的所有发射与吸收特征,确定了每种分子的定量描述。我们分析了温度与速度分布,并将推导得到的丰度与其他谱线巡天结果进行了对比。我们从41种不同分子中识别出65种同位素体,涵盖从轻分子到复杂有机化合物,源自多种不同环境。Sgr B2复合体内的大多数源都被归属于大质量恒星形成的不同演化阶段。Sgr B2(N)的热核呈现出更多复杂分子,例如CH₃OH、CH₃OCHO和CH₃OCH₃,而M区的核则包含更多轻分子,如SO₂、SO和NO。部分含硫分子在N区的丰度高于M区。推导得到的分子丰度可用于对比并约束天体化学模型。两个区域的内部源通常比外部源演化程度更高,但也存在一些例外情况。

英文摘要:

The giant molecular cloud complex Sagittarius B2 (Sgr~B2) in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy hosts several high-mass star formation sites, with Sgr~B2(M) and Sgr~B2(N) being the main centers of activity. This analysis aims to comprehensively model each core spectrum, considering molecular lines, dust attenuation, and free-free emission interactions. We describe the molecular content analysis of each hot core and identify the chemical composition of detected sources. Using ALMA's high sensitivity, we aim to characterize the hot core population in Sgr~B2(M) and N, gaining a better understanding of the different evolutionary phases of star formation processes in this complex. We conducted an unbiased ALMA spectral line survey of 47 sources in band 6 (211-275 GHz). Chemical composition and column densities were derived using XCLASS, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. Quantitative descriptions for each molecule were determined, considering all emission and absorption features across the spectral range. Temperature and velocity distributions were analyzed, and derived abundances were compared with other spectral line surveys. We identified 65 isotopologs from 41 different molecules, ranging from light molecules to complex organic compounds, originating from various environments. Most sources in the Sgr~B2 complex were assigned different evolutionary phases of high-mass star formation. Sgr~B2(N) hot cores show more complex molecules such as CH$_3$OH, CH$_3$OCHO, and CH$_3$OCH$_3$, while M cores contain lighter molecules such as SO$_2$, SO, and NO. Some sulfur-bearing molecules are more abundant in N than in M. The derived molecular abundances can be used for comparison and to constrain astrochemical models. Inner sources in both regions were generally more developed than outer sources, with some exceptions.

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