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arXiv 2412.03462cs.ROcs.SYeess.SY
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双动量观测器接触估计用于双足机器人

Multi-Momentum Observer Contact Estimation for Bipedal Robots

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University(机械工程系,卡内基梅隆大学);Palladyne AI Corporation(Palladyne AI公司)

J. Joe Payne, Daniel A. Hagen, Denis Garagić, Aaron M. Johnson

AI总结:

本文提出了一种基于动量观测器的双足机器人接触模式估计方法,通过多动态模型和马尔可夫融合实现高精度接触检测。

摘要:

随着双足机器人在商业和工业领域越来越受欢迎,能够以高可靠性控制它们的能力至关重要。为此,本文考虑如何准确估计当前哪些脚部与地面接触,以避免可能导致机器人稳定性受损的不当控制动作。此外,现代用于估计机器人基座框架位置和姿态的算法严重依赖此类接触模式估计。专门用于脚部的接触传感器可以用来估计这种接触模式,但这些传感器容易受到噪声、时间延迟、重复撞击地面导致的损坏或变形的影响,并且并非所有机器人都配备此类传感器。为克服这些限制,我们提出了一种基于动量观测器的接触模式估计方法,该方法不依赖此类接触传感器。通常,动量观测器假设机器人的基座框架可以被视为惯性框架。然而,由于许多人形机器人的腿部代表了整体质量的显著部分,所提出的方法改用多个同时动态模型。每个模型假设不同的接触条件。给定的接触假设则用于约束完整动力学,以避免假设身体是惯性框架或已知身体速度的准确估计。每个模型的估计与测量之间的分歧用于通过马尔可夫式融合方法确定最可能的接触模式。所提出的方法在低噪声仿真中产生了高达98.44%的接触检测精度,在使用Sarcos Guardian XO机器人(一种混合人形/外骨骼)收集的数据时达到77.12%。

英文摘要:

As bipedal robots become more and more popular in commercial and industrial settings, the ability to control them with a high degree of reliability is critical. To that end, this paper considers how to accurately estimate which feet are currently in contact with the ground so as to avoid improper control actions that could jeopardize the stability of the robot. Additionally, modern algorithms for estimating the position and orientation of a robot's base frame rely heavily on such contact mode estimates. Dedicated contact sensors on the feet can be used to estimate this contact mode, but these sensors are prone to noise, time delays, damage/yielding from repeated impacts with the ground, and are not available on every robot. To overcome these limitations, we propose a momentum observer based method for contact mode estimation that does not rely on such contact sensors. Often, momentum observers assume that the robot's base frame can be treated as an inertial frame. However, since many humanoids' legs represent a significant portion of the overall mass, the proposed method instead utilizes multiple simultaneous dynamic models. Each of these models assumes a different contact condition. A given contact assumption is then used to constrain the full dynamics in order to avoid assuming that either the body is an inertial frame or that a fully accurate estimate of body velocity is known. The (dis)agreement between each model's estimates and measurements is used to determine which contact mode is most likely using a Markov-style fusion method. The proposed method produces contact detection accuracy of up to 98.44% with a low noise simulation and 77.12% when utilizing data collect on the Sarcos Guardian XO robot (a hybrid humanoid/exoskeleton).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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