非互易纳米粒子的推进力与热传递
Propulsion force and heat transfer for nonreciprocal nanoparticles
AI总结：
该研究分析非互易纳米粒子的热传递与卡西米尔力，发现其自发射、环境热传递的耦合规律及温度相等时的持续传递条件，明确推进力主导项、幅度特性及约束关系，为相关热机效率研究提供基础。
摘要：
我们分析了涉及非互易纳米粒子的热传递和卡西米尔力。通过将结果表达式分解为互易和非互易贡献，我们发现粒子的自发射包含++和--项，即粒子的互易（+）和非互易（-）部分分别与其周围环境的相应部分耦合。相比之下，从周围环境到纳米粒子的热传递包含-+和+-贡献，我们发现这些贡献在温度相等时仍然存在。对于两个纳米粒子，这种持续传递需要一个粒子是非互易的，另一个是各向异性的。纳米粒子的推进力（我们的结果与先前工作一致）由±∓项主导，使其不同于互易粒子的力。推进力的幅度可比重力大几个数量级。尽管不同，我们发现±∓项受±±项约束，这是物体无源性的结果。对于力而言，这种约束限制了热机装置的效率，正如之前对平行板的观察。
英文摘要：
We analyze heat transfer and Casimir forces involving a nonreciprocal nanoparticle. By dissecting the resulting expressions into reciprocal and nonreciprocal contributions, we find that the particle's self emission contains $++$ and $--$ terms, i.e., the particle's reciprocal ($+$) and nonreciprocal ($-$) parts couple to the respective parts of its surrounding. In contrast, the heat transfer to the nanoparticle from the surrounding contains $-+$ and $+-$ contributions, which we find to persist at equal temperatures. For two nanoparticles, such persistent transfer is found to require one particle to be nonreciprocal and the other to be anisotropic. The propulsion force for the nanoparticle, for which our results agree with previous work, is dominated by $\pm\mp$ terms, making it distinct from forces found for reciprocal particles. The amplitude of the propulsion force can be orders of magnitude larger than gravitational forces. Despite being distinct, we find the $\pm\mp$ terms to be bound by $\pm\pm$ terms, a consequence of passivity of the objects. For the force, this bound limits the efficiency in a heat engine setup, as observed for parallel plates before.
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