来自非互易介质的近场推进力
Near field propulsion forces from nonreciprocal media
摘要：
基于对称性和热力学的论点可能表明，在不同温度下的两个板块之间存在棘轮状的横向卡西米尔力，并且具有破缺的反演对称性。我们发现，这是不够的，至少有一个板必须由非互易材料制成。该装置通过将热辐射转化为机械力而作为热机操作。虽然在近场区的横向力与传热的比率与板分离相反地发散，但我们将其扩展到非互易板的Onsager对称性$d$将发动机效率限制为卡诺值$η_c$。在远场中的最佳操作速度是$cη_c$的量级，其中$c$是光速。在近场区域中，该速度可以降低到$\barωd η_c$的量级，其中$\barω$是典型的材料频率。
英文摘要：
Arguments based on symmetry and thermodynamics may suggest the existence of a ratchet-like lateral Casimir force between two plates at different temperatures and with broken inversion symmetry. We find that this is not sufficient, and at least one plate must be made of nonreciprocal material. This setup operates as a heat engine by transforming heat radiation into mechanical force. Although the ratio of the lateral force to heat transfer in the near field regime diverges inversely with the plates separation, $d$, an Onsager symmetry, which we extend to nonreciprocal plates, limits the engine efficiency to the Carnot value $η_c$. The optimal velocity of operation in the far field is of the order of $cη_c$, where $c$ is the speed of light. In the near field regime, this velocity can be reduced to the order of $\barωd η_c$, where $\barω$ is a typical material frequency.
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