标准模型的重新表述与扩展
Reformulation and Extension of the Standard Model
AI总结：
本文提出了一种标准模型的重新表述，通过扩展的魏尔对称性引入新的规范玻色子和标量场，解决了希格斯势符号问题并保护中微子质量。
摘要：
我们提出了一个与标准模型经典等价的重新表述。在这一框架中，希格斯双态被重新表述为2×2矩阵，右-handed费米子单态被组织成新的双态。这种重构揭示了一种潜在的代数几何结构，自然实现了新的局部规范原理：扩展的魏尔对称性。将赫尔曼·魏尔1929年关于局部尺度不变性的想法推广到内部多重空间，这种对称性将局部规范对称性的范围扩展到传统的杨-米尔斯框架之外，并为标准模型的经典扩展提供了基础。由此产生的理论引入了新的规范玻色子（潜在的暗物质候选者）和第二个标量场。魏尔对称性破缺使这个额外的标量非动力学，并使观测到的希格斯玻色子成为唯一的动力学标量。扩展的魏尔对称性还导致了几个显著的理论后果：（i）宇称破坏被嵌入到一个底层宇称对称的结构中；（ii）希格斯势的负号唯一由对称性破缺模式确定，而不是人为选择；（iii）双态结构要求右-handed中微子，其质量lessness由扩展的魏尔对称性保护。该框架的量子方面——特别是潜在的规范反常和可重整化——仍需进一步研究。
英文摘要：
We present a classically equivalent reformulation of the Standard Model. In this framework, the Higgs doublet is recast as a $2\times2$ matrix and right-handed fermion singlets are organized into novel doublets. This restructuring reveals a latent algebraic geometry that naturally realizes a new local gauge principle: the \textbf{extended Weyl symmetry}. Generalizing Hermann Weyl's 1929 idea of local scale invariance to internal multiplet spaces, this symmetry extends the scope of local gauge symmetries beyond the conventional Yang--Mills framework and provides the foundation for a classical extension of the Standard Model. The resulting theory introduces new gauge bosons (potential dark matter candidates) and a second scalar field. Weyl symmetry breaking renders this additional scalar non-dynamical and leaves the observed Higgs boson as the sole dynamical scalar. The extended Weyl symmetry also leads to several notable theoretical consequences: (i) parity violation is embedded within an underlying parity-symmetric structure; (ii) the minus sign of the Higgs potential is uniquely fixed by the symmetry breaking pattern rather than chosen \textit{by hand}; and (iii) a right-handed neutrino is required by the doublet structure, with its masslessness protected by the extended Weyl symmetry. Quantum aspects of this framework -- particularly potential gauge anomalies and renormalizability -- remain open and warrant dedicated investigation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
