用来自超新星的暗辐射加热暗物质晕
Heating the dark matter halo with dark radiation from supernovae
AI总结：
本文研究了超新星能量以暗辐射形式释放到暗物质晕中，将其从尖核转变为平坦核，并在四个基准模型中验证了该机制对矮星系暗物质晕的显著影响。
摘要：
超新星爆发是宇宙中最极端的事件之一，使其成为寻找轻质量、弱耦合新粒子效应的极具前景的环境。作为重要的能量源，已知它们对宿主星系中普通物质的动力学有重要影响，但它们对暗物质（DM）晕的潜在影响仍较少被探索。在本工作中，我们研究了超新星能量的一部分以暗辐射的形式释放到DM晕中的可能性。基于能量学评估，我们发现即使总SN能量的一小部分也足以改变DM晕的整体形状，并将尖核晕转变为平坦核晕。这可能有助于解释在某些矮星系中观测到的核。或者，可以将可能DM核大小的上限解释为可进入超出SM的轻粒子的能量上限。这些论点在很大程度上独立于新物理的具体模型。尽管如此，确保我们所需的条件——即暗辐射的显著超新星发射率以及DM晕对暗辐射的不透明性——在实际模型中能够被满足是很重要的。为了证明这一点，我们研究了四个简单的基准模型：暗光子、暗希格斯、规范$B-L$和$L_μ- L_τ$模型——它们都提供作为暗辐射的轻质量弱耦合粒子。假设暗辐射与DM之间存在可观的耦合，我们发现所有基准模型都有很大一部分参数空间满足这些条件。有趣的是，SN1987A观测所允许的耦合可以对矮椭球星系晕产生显著影响。
英文摘要：
Supernova explosions are among the most extreme events in the Universe, making them a promising environment in which to search for the effects of light, weakly coupled new particles. As significant sources of energy, they are known to have an important effect on the dynamics of ordinary matter in their host galaxies but their potential impact on the dark matter (DM) halo remains less explored. In this work, we investigate the possibility that some fraction of the supernova energy is released via the form of dark radiation into the DM halo. Based on evaluation of energetics, we find that even a small fraction of the total SN energy is sufficient to change the overall shape of the DM halo and transform a cuspy halo into a cored one. This may help to explain the cores that are observed in some dwarf galaxies. Alternatively, one can interpret the upper limit on the size of a possible DM core as an upper limit on the energy that can go into light particles beyond the SM. These arguments are largely independent of a concrete model for the new physics. Nevertheless, it is important to ensure that the conditions we need, i.e.~significant supernova emissivity of dark radiation and the opacity of DM halo to the dark radiation, can be met in actual models. To demonstrate this, we study four simple benchmark models: the dark photon, dark Higgs, and gauged $B-L$ and $L_μ- L_τ$ models -- all provide light weakly coupled particles serving as the dark radiation. Assuming a sizable coupling of the dark radiation to DM, we find that all of the benchmark models have a significant part of the parameter space that meets the conditions. Interestingly, the couplings allowed by observations of SN1987A can have a significant effect on the halo of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
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