塌缩与破坏：紧凑恒星系统在超轻暗物质晕中的命运
Collapse versus Disruption: The Fate of Compact Stellar Systems in Ultralight Dark Matter Halos
AI总结：
研究揭示了紧凑恒星系统在超轻暗物质晕中的演化机制，发现松弛驱动的塌缩与ULDM加热导致的破坏之间的相互作用，提出无量纲参数用于量化其重要性，并构建了演化相图。
摘要：
超轻暗物质（ULDM）场的干涉会产生时间变化的引力势波动，这些波动随机加热嵌入ULDM晕中的恒星系统。因此，小尺寸的恒星系统常被用来对ULDM设定严格的限制。然而，尺寸远小于ULDM德布罗意波长的系统的演化仍缺乏深入研究。通过数值模拟，我们发现紧凑恒星系统在ULDM晕中的演化由内部恒星松弛和ULDM诱导加热的相互作用主导。我们发现以下主要结果。首先，在足够紧凑的系统中，由松弛驱动的核心塌缩占主导地位，使系统保持束缚和致密，而ULDM诱导的外围恒星剥离进一步加速塌缩。其次，在更扩展的系统中，ULDM加热占主导地位，并最终导致系统破坏。接近破坏阈值时，我们识别出类似超致密矮星系如Segue 1的系统。第三，我们进一步引入了一个无量纲参数来量化加热和松弛的相对重要性，并最终导致一个演化相图。我们的结果揭示了紧凑恒星系统在ULDM晕中的丰富而非平凡的动力学，表明精确的系统建模对于稳健的ULDM限制至关重要。
英文摘要：
Interference of the ultralight dark matter (ULDM) field generates time-varying gravitational potential fluctuations, which stochastically heat stellar systems embedded in ULDM halos. Small-sized stellar systems are therefore often used to set stringent constraints on ULDM. However, the evolution of systems with sizes well below the ULDM de Broglie wavelength remains poorly explored. Using numerical simulations, we show that the evolution of compact stellar systems in ULDM halos is governed by the interplay between internal stellar relaxation and ULDM-induced heating. We find the following main results. First, in sufficiently compact systems, relaxation-driven core collapse dominates, allowing the system to remain bound and dense, while ULDM-induced stripping of outer stars further accelerates the collapse. Second, in more extended systems, ULDM heating dominates and ultimately disrupts the system. Near the disruption threshold, we identify systems resembling ultra-faint dwarfs like Segue 1. Third, we further introduce a dimensionless parameter to quantify the relative importance of heating and relaxation and finally lead to an evolutionary phase diagram. Our results reveal the rich and nontrivial dynamics of compact stellar systems in ULDM halos, indicating that precise system modeling is essential for robust ULDM constraints.
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