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arXiv 2411.05409cs.DLcs.AI
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使用GPT-4o进行网络存档元数据生成:挑战与见解

Web Archives Metadata Generation with GPT-4o: Challenges and Insights

National Library Board, Singapore(新加坡国家图书馆委员会);Nanyang Technological University, Singapore(南洋理工大学);National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学)

Ashwin Nair, Zhen Rong Goh, Tianrui Liu, Abigail Yongping Huang

AI总结:

本研究探索使用GPT-4o为网络存档自动生成元数据,通过数据缩减和提示工程实现99.9%成本降低,但质量仍逊于人工,提出LLM应作为辅助工具。

摘要:

当前网络存档的元数据创建因依赖人工而耗时且成本高昂。本文探讨了在新加坡网络存档中使用gpt-4o进行元数据生成,重点关注可扩展性、效率和成本效益。我们使用数据缩减技术处理了112个Web ARChive(WARC)文件,实现了元数据生成成本显著降低99.9%。通过提示工程,我们生成了标题和摘要,并使用Levenshtein距离和BERTScore进行内在评估,同时通过McNemar检验由人工编目员进行外在评估。结果表明,虽然我们的方法提供了显著的成本节约和效率提升,但人工策划的元数据在质量上仍保持优势。研究识别了关键挑战,包括内容不准确、幻觉和翻译问题,表明大型语言模型(LLMs)应作为人工编目员的补充而非替代。未来工作将侧重于优化提示、改进内容过滤,并通过使用较小模型进行实验来解决隐私问题。这项研究推进了LLMs在网络存档中的集成,为其当前能力提供了宝贵见解,并概述了未来改进的方向。代码可在https://github.com/masumune-prog/warc2summary获取,供面临类似挑战的机构进一步开发和使用。

英文摘要:

Current metadata creation for web archives is time consuming and costly due to reliance on human effort. This paper explores the use of gpt-4o for metadata generation within the Web Archive Singapore, focusing on scalability, efficiency, and cost effectiveness. We processed 112 Web ARChive (WARC) files using data reduction techniques, achieving a notable 99.9% reduction in metadata generation costs. By prompt engineering, we generated titles and abstracts, which were evaluated both intrinsically using Levenshtein Distance and BERTScore, and extrinsically with human cataloguers using McNemar's test. Results indicate that while our method offers significant cost savings and efficiency gains, human curated metadata maintains an edge in quality. The study identifies key challenges including content inaccuracies, hallucinations, and translation issues, suggesting that Large Language Models (LLMs) should serve as complements rather than replacements for human cataloguers. Future work will focus on refining prompts, improving content filtering, and addressing privacy concerns through experimentation with smaller models. This research advances the integration of LLMs in web archiving, offering valuable insights into their current capabilities and outlining directions for future enhancements. The code is available at https://github.com/masamune-prog/warc2summary for further development and use by institutions facing similar challenges.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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