非整数电荷电子波包中的局域化-非局域化转变
Localization-delocalization transition in non-integer-charged electron wave packets
AI总结：
本研究探究非整数磁通量子电压脉冲注入的电子和空穴波函数的局域化-非局域化转变，通过逆参与率测量和有限尺寸标度分析，揭示了其普适性及与脉冲轮廓的关系。
摘要：
我们研究了由具有非整数磁通量子的电压脉冲注入的电子和空穴的波函数。我们发现，通过逆参与率测量，波函数可在时域中发生非局域化。当磁通接近磁通量子的整数倍时，波函数可能保持非局域化，也可能发生局域化-非局域化转变：中性电子-空穴对的波函数保持非局域化，而单独注入的电子和空穴则发生转变。我们对逆参与率进行有限尺寸标度分析以进一步阐明该转变的性质，通过数据坍缩法数值确定了标度函数和关联长度。我们发现，当脉冲足够尖锐时，标度函数和关联长度对脉冲轮廓不敏感，表明该转变具有普适性；而洛伦兹脉冲下它们表现出定量差异，说明其对应转变属于不同普适类。
英文摘要：
We investigate the wave function of electrons and holes injected by voltage pulses with non-integer flux quantum. We find that the wave function can be delocalized in the time domain, which is measured by using the inverse participation ratio. As the flux approaches an integer multiples of flux quantum, the wave function can either remain delocalized or undergo a localization-delocalization transition. The former case occurs for the neutral electron-hole pairs, while the latter case occurs for electrons and holes which are injected individually. We perform the finite-size scaling analysis of the inverse participation ratio to further clarify the nature of the localization-delocalization transition. The scaling function and correlation length are determined numerically by the data collapse method. We find that the localization-delocalization transition is universal in the sense that the scaling function and correlation length is insensitive to the pulse profile when the pulse is sufficiently sharp. In contrast, they exhibit quantitatively different behavior for the Lorentzian pulse, indicating the corresponding localization-delocalization transition belongs to a different universality class.
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