Data-Driven Uncertainty-Aware Forecasting of Sea Ice Conditions in the Gulf of Ob Based on Satellite Radar Imagery
Applied AI Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia（斯克尔科沃科学与技术研究所应用人工智能中心）；Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia（莫斯科物理技术学院）；Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (AIRI), Moscow, Russia（自主非营利组织人工智能研究 institute（AIRI））
Stefan Maria Ailuro, Anna Nedorubova, Timofey Grigoryev, Evgeny Burnaev, Vladimir Vanovskiy
The increase in Arctic marine activity due to rapid warming and significant sea ice loss necessitates highly reliable, short-term sea ice forecasts to ensure maritime safety and operational efficiency. In this work, we present a novel data-driven approach for sea ice condition forecasting in the Gulf of Ob, leveraging sequences of radar images from Sentinel-1, weather observations, and GLORYS forecasts. Our approach integrates advanced video prediction models, originally developed for vision tasks, with domain-specific data preprocessing and augmentation techniques tailored to the unique challenges of Arctic sea ice dynamics. Central to our methodology is the use of uncertainty quantification to assess the reliability of predictions, ensuring robust decision-making in safety-critical applications. Furthermore, we propose a confidence-based model mixture mechanism that enhances forecast accuracy and model robustness, crucial for reliable operations in volatile Arctic environments. Our results demonstrate substantial improvements over baseline approaches, underscoring the importance of uncertainty quantification and specialized data handling for effective and safe operations and reliable forecasting.
Deep learning-based object detection of offshore platforms on Sentinel-1 Imagery and the impact of synthetic training data
German Remote Sensing Data Center, Earth Observation Center, EOC of the German Aerospace Center, DLR（德国遥感数据中心，地球观测中心，德国航空航天中心（DLR）东部观测中心）；Institute for Geography and Geology, Department of Remote Sensing, University of Würzburg（地理与地质研究所，遥感系，乌尔姆大学）
Offshore oil and gas platform dynamics in the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Persian Gulf: Exploiting the Sentinel-1 archive
German Remote Sensing Data Center, Earth Observation Center, EOC of the German Aerospace Center, DLR（德国遥感数据中心，地球观测中心，德国航空航天中心（DLR）地球观测中心）；Institute for Geography and Geology, Department of Remote Sensing, University of Würzburg（地理与地质研究所，遥感系，乌尔姆大学）
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific（太平洋空间与海战系统中心）
Maritime collisions involving multiple ships are considered rare, but in 2017 several United States Navy vessels were involved in fatal at-sea collisions that resulted in the death of seventeen American Servicemembers. The experimentation introduced in this paper is a direct response to these incidents. We propose a shipboard Collision-At-Sea avoidance system, based on video image processing, that will help ensure the safe stationing and navigation of maritime vessels. Our system leverages a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic maritime imagery in order to detect nearby vessels wi…
SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI
Eurecat（欧罗卡特技术中心）；IIE, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República（乌拉圭共和国大学工程学院IIE）；Universitat Pompeu Fabra（庞培法布拉大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；ENS Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷高等师范学校）；Institut Universitaire de France（法国大学研究院）
Mayachitra, Inc.（Mayachitra公司）；UC Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）
Seam carving is a popular technique for content aware image retargeting. It can be used to deliberately manipulate images, for example, change the GPS locations of a building or insert/remove roads in a satellite image. This paper proposes a novel approach for detecting and localizing seams in such images. While there are methods to detect seam carving based manipulations, this is the first time that robust localization and detection of seam carving forgery is made possible. We also propose a seam localization score (SLS) metric to evaluate the effectiveness of localization. The proposed metho…
Access to high resolution satellite imagery has dramatically increased in recent years as several new constellations have entered service. High revisit frequencies as well as improved resolution has widened the use cases of satellite imagery to areas such as humanitarian relief and even Search and Rescue (SaR). We propose a novel remote sensing object detection dataset for deep learning assisted SaR. This dataset contains only small objects that have been identified as potential targets as part of a live SaR response. We evaluate the application of popular object detection models to this datas…
Decadal analysis of sea surface temperature patterns, climatology, and anomalies in temperate coastal waters with Landsat-8 TIRS observations
CSIRO Data61（CSIRO数据61）；CSIRO Environment（CSIRO环境）；CSIRO Space and Astronomy（CSIRO空间与天文学）；South Australian Research and Development Institute（南澳大利亚研究与发展研究所）
Semantic segmentation of satellite imagery is a common approach to identify patterns and detect changes around the planet. Most of the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation models are trained in a fully supervised way using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The generalization property of CNN is poor for satellite imagery because the data can be very diverse in terms of landscape types, image resolutions, and scarcity of labels for different geographies and seasons. Hence, the performance of CNN doesn't translate well to images from unseen regions or seasons. Inspired by Conditional Generati…
The University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）
Global warming is an urgent issue that is generating catastrophic environmental changes, such as the melting of sea ice and glaciers, particularly in the polar regions. The melting pattern and retreat of polar sea ice cover is an essential indicator of global warming. The Sentinel-2 satellite (S2) captures high-resolution optical imagery over the polar regions. This research aims at developing a robust and effective system for classifying polar sea ice as thick or snow-covered, young or thin, or open water using S2 images. A key challenge is the lack of labeled S2 training data to serve as the…
This work presents SeasoNet, a new large-scale multi-label land cover and land use scene understanding dataset. It includes $1\,759\,830$ images from Sentinel-2 tiles, with 12 spectral bands and patch sizes of up to $ 120 \ \mathrm{px} \times 120 \ \mathrm{px}$. Each image is annotated with large scale pixel level labels from the German land cover model LBM-DE2018 with land cover classes based on the CORINE Land Cover database (CLC) 2018 and a five times smaller minimum mapping unit (MMU) than the original CLC maps. We provide pixel synchronous examples from all four seasons, plus an additiona…
RoughNet: Mapping Arctic Sea Ice Roughness Using Diffusion-Based Super-Resolution of Satellite Imagery
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research（阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳极地与海洋研究所亥姆霍兹中心）；University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Microsoft（微软）
Recent work has shown that deep learning models can be used to classify land-use data from geospatial satellite imagery. We show that when these deep learning models are trained on data from specific continents/seasons, there is a high degree of variability in model performance on out-of-sample continents/seasons. This suggests that just because a model accurately predicts land-use classes in one continent or season does not mean that the model will accurately predict land-use classes in a different continent or season. We then use clustering techniques on satellite imagery from different cont…
Robust RPC Bundle Adjustment for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery with Season-Invariant Correspondences
Eurecat（欧洲电信技术研究中心）；Universidad de la República（乌拉圭共和国大学）；AMIAD；Institut Universitaire de France（法国大学研究院）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；ENS Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷高等师范学校）；Centre Borelli（博雷利中心）
Towards Seamless Lunar Mosaics: Deep Radiometric Normalization for Cross-Sensor Orbital Imagery Using Chandrayaan-2 TMC Data
Department of IOT and Intelligent Systems（物联网与智能系统系）；Manipal University Jaipur（贾伊普尔曼普尔大学）；Space Applications Centre（空间应用中心）；Indian Space Research Organization（印度空间研究组织）
During summer, melt ponds have a significant influence on Arctic sea-ice albedo. The melt pond fraction (MPF) also has the ability to forecast the Arctic sea-ice in a certain period. It is important to retrieve accurate melt pond fraction (MPF) from satellite data for Arctic research. This paper proposes a satellite MPF retrieval model based on the multi-layer neural network, named MPF-NN. Our model uses multi-spectral satellite data as model input and MPF information from multi-site and multi-period visible imagery as prior knowledge for modeling. It can effectively model melt ponds evolution…
Weakly Supervised Spatio-Temporal Candidate Discovery of Dairy Farm Sites from Seasonal Satellite Imagery
School of Computer Science, University of Galway（戈尔韦大学计算机科学学院）；Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology（工程科学与技术GIK学院计算机科学与工程系）
University of Missouri（密苏里大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）
In remote sensing, each sensor can provide complementary or reinforcing information. It is valuable to fuse outputs from multiple sensors to boost overall performance. Previous supervised fusion methods often require accurate labels for each pixel in the training data. However, in many remote sensing applications, pixel-level labels are difficult or infeasible to obtain. In addition, outputs from multiple sensors often have different resolution or modalities. For example, rasterized hyperspectral imagery presents data in a pixel grid while airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) generates…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites（欧洲气象卫星应用组织）；Munich University of Applied Sciences（慕尼黑应用技术大学）
This work has been accepted by IEEE TGRS for publication. The majority of optical observations acquired via spaceborne earth imagery are affected by clouds. While there is numerous prior work on reconstructing cloud-covered information, previous studies are oftentimes confined to narrowly-defined regions of interest, raising the question of whether an approach can generalize to a diverse set of observations acquired at variable cloud coverage or in different regions and seasons. We target the challenge of generalization by curating a large novel data set for training new cloud removal approach…
The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；University of South Australia（南澳大学）
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become essential for processing the vast amounts of aerial imagery collected using earth-observing satellite platforms. However, DNNs are vulnerable towards adversarial examples, and it is expected that this weakness also plagues DNNs for aerial imagery. In this work, we demonstrate one of the first efforts on physical adversarial attacks on aerial imagery, whereby adversarial patches were optimised, fabricated and installed on or near target objects (cars) to significantly reduce the efficacy of an object detector applied on overhead images. Physical adversari…
Since frequent severe droughts are lengthening the dry season in the Amazon Rainforest, it is important to detect wildfires promptly and forecast possible spread for effective suppression response. Current wildfire detection models are not versatile enough for the low-technology conditions of South American hot spots. This deep learning study first trains a Fully Convolutional Neural Network on Landsat 8 images of Ecuador and the Galapagos, using Green and Short-wave Infrared bands to predict pixel-level binary fire masks. This model achieves a 0.962 validation F2 score and a 0.932 F2 score on…
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi（德里英迪拉普拉斯塔信息技术学院）；M S Swaminathan Research Foundation（M·S·斯瓦米纳坦研究基金会）
The integration of the modern Machine Learning (ML) models into remote sensing and agriculture has expanded the scope of the application of satellite images in the agriculture domain. In this paper, we present how the accuracy of crop type identification improves as we move from medium-spatiotemporal-resolution (MSTR) to high-spatiotemporal-resolution (HSTR) satellite images. We further demonstrate that high spectral resolution in satellite imagery can improve prediction performance for low spatial and temporal resolutions (LSTR) images. The F1-score is increased by 7% when using multispectral…
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi（德里英德拉普拉斯塔信息技术学院）；M S Swaminathan Research Foundation（M S 斯瓦米纳坦研究基金会）
The availability of well-curated datasets has driven the success of Machine Learning (ML) models. Despite the increased access to earth observation data for agriculture, there is a scarcity of curated, labelled datasets, which limits the potential of its use in training ML models for remote sensing (RS) in agriculture. To this end, we introduce a first-of-its-kind dataset, SICKLE, having time-series images at different spatial resolutions from 3 different satellites, annotated with multiple key cropping parameters for paddy cultivation for the Cauvery Delta region in Tamil Nadu, India. The dat…
University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division（巴拿马城分部海军水面作战中心）；Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport（纽波特海军水下作战中心）
We propose a novel method to generate underwater object imagery that is acoustically compliant with that generated by side-scan sonar using the Unreal Engine. We describe the process to develop, tune, and generate imagery to provide representative images for use in training automated target recognition (ATR) and machine learning algorithms. The methods provide visual approximations for acoustic effects such as back-scatter noise and acoustic shadow, while allowing fast rendering with C++ actor in UE for maximizing the size of potential ATR training datasets. Additionally, we provide analysis o…
In this paper, we present a methodology for fisheries-related data that allows us to converge on a labeled image dataset by iterating over the dataset with multiple training and production loops that can exploit crowdsourcing interfaces. We present our algorithm and its results on two separate sets of image data collected using the Seabed autonomous underwater vehicle. The first dataset comprises of 2,026 completely unlabeled images, while the second consists of 21,968 images that were point annotated by experts. Our results indicate that training with a small subset and iterating on that to b…
An in-season early crop yield forecast before harvest can benefit the farmers to improve the production and enable various agencies to devise plans accordingly. We introduce a reliable and inexpensive method to predict crop yields from publicly available satellite imagery. The proposed method works directly on raw satellite imagery without the need to extract any hand-crafted features or perform dimensionality reduction on the images. The approach implicitly models the relevance of the different steps in the growing season and the various bands in the satellite imagery. We evaluate the propose…
University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；University of Missouri（密苏里大学）
Side-look synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) can produce very high quality images of the sea-floor. When viewing this imagery, a human observer can often easily identify various sea-floor textures such as sand ripple, hard-packed sand, sea grass and rock. In this paper, we present the Possibilistic Fuzzy Local Information C-Means (PFLICM) approach to segment SAS imagery into sea-floor regions that exhibit these various natural textures. The proposed PFLICM method incorporates fuzzy and possibilistic clustering methods and leverages (local) spatial information to perform soft segmentation. Results …
Using Game Engines and Machine Learning to Create Synthetic Satellite Imagery for a Tabletop Verification Exercise
Berliner Hochschule für Technik（柏林技术应用科学大学）；Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学科学与全球安全项目）；Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin（柏林爱因斯坦数字未来中心）
Early, precise detection of nutrient deficiency stress (NDS) has key economic as well as environmental impact; precision application of chemicals in place of blanket application reduces operational costs for the growers while reducing the amount of chemicals which may enter the environment unnecessarily. Furthermore, earlier treatment reduces the amount of loss and therefore boosts crop production during a given season. With this in mind, we collect sequences of high-resolution aerial imagery and construct semantic segmentation models to detect and predict NDS across the field. Our work sits a…
Iowa State University（爱荷华州立大学）；The University of Alabama in Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；Syngenta（先正达）
For a global breeding organization, identifying the next generation of superior crops is vital for its success. Recognizing new genetic varieties requires years of in-field testing to gather data about the crop's yield, pest resistance, heat resistance, etc. At the conclusion of the growing season, organizations need to determine which varieties will be advanced to the next growing season (or sold to farmers) and which ones will be discarded from the candidate pool. Specifically for soybeans, identifying their relative maturity is a vital piece of information used for advancement decisions. Ho…
Beluga Whale Detection from Satellite Imagery with Point Labels
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院 aerospace information research institute）；School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学电子、电气与通信工程学院）；College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学资源与环境学院）；Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院地理科学与自然资源研究所）；Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences（中国环境科学研究院）；School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学未来技术学院）；Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院物理化学技术研究所）
本文提出结合点标注与 SAM 自动生成边界框并训练 YOLOv8 的流程，实现 VHR 卫星影像中确定鲸鱼、不确定鲸鱼和竖琴海豹的多类别检测。
In this paper a new method of image smoothing for satellite imagery and its applications in environmental remote sensing are presented. This method is based on the global gradient minimization over the whole image. With respect to the image discrete identity, the continuous minimization problem is discretized. Using the finite difference numerical method of differentiation, a simple yet efficient 5*5-pixel template is derived. Convolution of the derived template with the image in different bands results in the discrimination of various image elements. This method is extremely fast, besides bei…
Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago（芝加哥丰田技术研究院）
We propose a method for accurately localizing ground vehicles with the aid of satellite imagery. Our approach takes a ground image as input, and outputs the location from which it was taken on a georeferenced satellite image. We perform visual localization by estimating the co-occurrence probabilities between the ground and satellite images based on a ground-satellite feature dictionary. The method is able to estimate likelihoods over arbitrary locations without the need for a dense ground image database. We present a ranking-loss based algorithm that learns location-discriminative feature pro…
Universidade Católica de Brasília（巴西利亚天主教大学）；Tribunal de Contas da União（联邦审计法院）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）；Oxford University（牛津大学）
This work explores the combination of free cloud computing, free open-source software, and deep learning methods to analyse a real, large-scale problem: the automatic country-wide identification and classification of surface mines and mining tailings dams in Brazil. Locations of officially registered mines and dams were obtained from the Brazilian government open data resource. Multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, obtained and processed at the Google Earth Engine platform, was used to train and test deep neural networks using the TensorFlow 2 API and Google Colab platform. Fully Convolu…
The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center（伯德极地与气候研究中心）
Remote sensing of the Earth's surface water is critical in a wide range of environmental studies, from evaluating the societal impacts of seasonal droughts and floods to the large-scale implications of climate change. Consequently, a large literature exists on the classification of water from satellite imagery. Yet, previous methods have been limited by 1) the spatial resolution of public satellite imagery, 2) classification schemes that operate at the pixel level, and 3) the need for multiple spectral bands. We advance the state-of-the-art by 1) using commercial imagery with panchromatic and …
University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；University of Missouri（密苏里大学）
Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) surveys produce imagery with large regions of transition between seabed types. Due to these regions, it is difficult to label and segment the imagery and, furthermore, challenging to score the image segmentations appropriately. While there are many approaches to quantify performance in standard crisp segmentation schemes, drawing hard boundaries in remote sensing imagery where gradients and regions of uncertainty exist is inappropriate. These cases warrant weak labels and an associated appropriate scoring approach. In this paper, a labeling approach and associate…
Geometric Consistency Protocol for Foundation Model Features in Multi-View Satellite Imagery
Hubei Province Key Research and Development Program（湖北省重点研发计划）；LIESMARS Special Research Funding（测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室专项研究基金）；National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars（国家杰出青年科学基金）
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心（DLR））
The availability of curated large-scale training data is a crucial factor for the development of well-generalizing deep learning methods for the extraction of geoinformation from multi-sensor remote sensing imagery. While quite some datasets have already been published by the community, most of them suffer from rather strong limitations, e.g. regarding spatial coverage, diversity or simply number of available samples. Exploiting the freely available data acquired by the Sentinel satellites of the Copernicus program implemented by the European Space Agency, as well as the cloud computing facili…
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory（美国陆军工程兵团寒区研究与工程实验室）
As Arctic conditions rapidly change, human activity in the Arctic will continue to increase and so will the need for high-resolution observations of sea ice. While satellite imagery can provide high spatial resolution, it is temporally sparse and significant ice deformation can occur between observations. This makes it difficult to apply feature tracking or image correlation techniques that require persistent features to exist between images. With this in mind, we propose a technique based on optimal transport, which is commonly used to measure differences between probability distributions. Wh…
