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arXiv 2409.20150gr-qcastro-ph.GAphysics.comp-ph
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奇异常微分方程的深度学习解法:从特殊函数到球对称吸积

Deep Learning solutions to singular ordinary differential equations: from special functions to spherical accretion

R. Cayuso, M. Herrero-Valea, E. Barausse

AI总结:

本文提出用物理信息神经网络(PINNs)求解含奇异点的常微分方程,结合自适应损失加权提升精度,并在勒让德方程、超几何方程、洛伦兹破缺引力黑洞时空及史瓦西球对称吸积等四个问题上验证了方法的有效性。

摘要:

奇异正则点经常出现在描述流体动力学、电磁学和引力等物理现象的微分方程中。传统的数值技术在这些点附近往往失效或变得不稳定,需要使用半解析工具,如级数展开和微扰方法,与数值算法相结合;或者采用更复杂的方法。在这项工作中,我们采取另一种途径,利用机器学习的力量,将物理信息神经网络(PINNs)作为一种求解具有奇异点的常微分方程的现代方法。PINNs利用深度学习架构,通过将微分方程嵌入神经网络的损失函数中来近似解。我们讨论了PINNs在处理奇异性方面的优势,特别是它们能够绕过传统的基于网格的方法,并在不规则区域上提供平滑近似。为了提高网络训练的效率,我们使用了在奇异点附近增强PINNs精度的技术,例如自适应损失加权。我们通过研究数学和引力中四个感兴趣的微分方程来举例说明我们的结果——勒让德方程、超几何方程、洛伦兹破缺引力理论中的黑洞时空解,以及史瓦西几何中完美流体的球对称吸积。

英文摘要:

Singular regular points often arise in differential equations describing physical phenomena such as fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, and gravitation. Traditional numerical techniques often fail or become unstable near these points, requiring the use of semi-analytical tools, such as series expansions and perturbative methods, in combination with numerical algorithms; or to invoke more sophisticated methods. In this work, we take an alternative route and leverage the power of machine learning to exploit Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) as a modern approach to solving ordinary differential equations with singular points. PINNs utilize deep learning architectures to approximate solutions by embedding the differential equations into the loss function of the neural network. We discuss the advantages of PINNs in handling singularities, particularly their ability to bypass traditional grid-based methods and provide smooth approximations across irregular regions. Techniques for enhancing the accuracy of PINNs near singular points, such as adaptive loss weighting, are used in order to achieve high efficiency in the training of the network. We exemplify our results by studying four differential equations of interest in mathematics and gravitation -- the Legendre equation, the hypergeometric equation, the solution for black hole space-times in theories of Lorentz violating gravity, and the spherical accretion of a perfect fluid in a Schwarzschild geometry.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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