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arXiv 2409.20045hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th
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从（非）平衡中的数密度流求解气泡壁速度

Bubble wall velocity from number density current in (non)equilibrium

Zi-Yan Yuwen, Jun-Chen Wang, Shao-Jiang Wang

备注：
v2, 43 pages, 7 figures, major revision, a proof is added for the collision integral to vanish in local dynamical equilibrium, the necessity is introduced for the scalar-wall contribution to the total number density current, the clarification is emphasized for the conservation and violation of total number density current across the shock front and bubble wall, respectively
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AI总结：

本文针对宇宙学一阶相变中气泡壁速度难以确定的问题，提出一种不依赖模型的新方法，利用激波前沿和气泡壁处总粒子数密度流的守恒与违反作为额外连接条件来计算气泡壁速度。

摘要：

宇宙学一阶相变（FOPT）是探测早期宇宙的综合手段，伴随着随机引力波、超视界曲率扰动甚至原初黑洞的产生。在刻画一阶相变时，诸如转变温度、强度因子、气泡间距和能量预算等唯象参数可以很容易地从底层粒子物理模型的宏观平衡特征中提取出来，唯独气泡膨胀的终端壁速度除外，这使得它成为最难确定的最后一个关键参数，原因在于微观相变模型的非平衡本质。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的不依赖模型的方法，借助一个额外的连接条件来计算气泡壁速度，该条件分别来自激波前沿（如果存在）和气泡壁两侧总粒子数密度流的守恒与违反。

英文摘要：

Cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) serve as comprehensive probes into our early Universe with associated generations of stochastic gravitational waves and superhorizon curvature perturbations or even primordial black holes. In characterizing the FOPT, phenomenological parameters like transition temperatures, strength factors, bubble separations, and energy budgets can be easily extracted from the macroscopic equilibrium features of the underlying particle physics models except for the terminal wall velocity of the bubble expansion, making it the last key parameter to be determined most difficultly due to the non-equilibrium nature of the microscopic transition model. In this paper, we propose a new model-independent approach to calculate the bubble wall velocity by virtue of an extra junction condition from the conservation and violation of the total number density current across the shock front (if any) and bubble wall, respectively.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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