AI 中文总结
该研究扩展泡膨胀粒子产生框架，考虑含波纹的相对论厚泡壁，发现共振动量交换可增强重粒子产生，强调泡壁内部结构对粒子产生及宇宙学意义评估的重要性。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了在具有非平凡内部结构的极端相对论厚泡壁存在下，一阶相变过程中的非热粒子产生。在扩展泡膨胀粒子产生框架的基础上，我们考虑包含多个波纹的泡壁，研究这种空间调制如何影响与序参量场耦合的重粒子产生。通过建模振荡厚壁轮廓，我们推导了泡壁背景下粒子分裂过程的跃迁概率，并确定了与泡壁微观结构动量转移相关的新贡献。除常规通道外，我们发现一种由与波纹共振动量交换产生的增强产生模式。当波纹数量足够多时，新贡献可主导产生率，显著增加远重于相变标度的粒子丰度。我们的结果表明，膨胀泡壁的内部结构在粒子产生中可发挥重要作用，在评估强一阶相变的宇宙学意义时应予以考虑。
英文摘要
We investigate non-thermal particle production during first-order phase transitions in the presence of ultra-relativistic thick bubble walls with non-trivial internal structure. Extending the framework of bubble-expansion particle production, we consider bubble walls containing multiple ripples and study how such spatial modulations affect the production of heavy particles coupled to the order parameter field. By modeling an oscillatory thick-wall profile, we derive the transition probability for particle splitting processes in the wall background, and identify a new contribution associated with momentum transfer from the wall microstructure. In addition to the conventional channel, we find an enhanced production mode arising from resonant momentum exchange with the ripples. For sufficiently large numbers of ripples, the new contribution can dominate the production rate and significantly increase the abundance of particles much heavier than the phase-transition scale. Our results demonstrate that the internal structure of expanding bubble walls can play an important role in particle production and should be taken into account when assessing the cosmological implications of strongly first-order phase transitions.
Comments31 pages, 5 figures
