使用像素探测器评估质子治疗中高原子序数钛植入物的剂量学效应
Assessing the Dosimetric Effects of High-Z Titanium Implants in Proton Therapy Using Pixel Detectors
AI总结：
本研究使用Timepix3像素探测器评估质子治疗中钛植入物的剂量学效应，发现钛植入物会改变次级辐射场中高能量传递离子的剂量率与通量，为理解钛材料在质子治疗中的影响提供了全面信息。
摘要：
本研究通过实验检验了交付场的效果和变化，使用了在主束流路径上放置和不放置钛（Ti）牙科植入物的水等效体模。我们使用由ASIC芯片Timepix3提供的像素阵列高空间分辨率、光谱和时间敏感成像探测器，详细测量了Bragg曲线入口区域产生的粒子的组成和光谱跟踪表征。一束170 MeV的质子束在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）中被准直和调制。将两个牙科植入物放置在体模中质子射程末端，使用两个带有Si传感器的像素探测器测量辐射。配备硅传感器的Timepix3（TPX3）探测器详细测量了已分辨粒子类型的粒子通量、剂量率（DR）和线性能量传递（LET）光谱。在明确定义的辐射场中校准的基于人工智能（AI）训练的神经网络（NN）被用于根据形态学和特征光谱跟踪响应来分析和识别粒子。对束流进行了表征，单个粒子径迹被记录并分解为粒子类型组。两种装置中产生的粒子通量被分解为三大类粒子：i）质子，ii）电子和光子，iii）离子。质子是负责剂量沉积的主要粒子成分。当在装置中放置Ti植入物时，高能量传递粒子（HETP），即离子，在所研究的两个剂量学方面（DR和粒子通量）表现出差异。次级辐射场的详细多参数信息为理解钛材料在质子治疗中的影响提供了全面的理解。
英文摘要：
This study experimentally examines the effect and changes in the delivered fields, using water-equivalent phantoms with and without titanium (Ti) dental implants positioned along the primary beam path. We measure in detail the composition and spectral-tracking characterization of particles generated in the entrance region of the Bragg curve using high-spatial resolution, spectral and time-sensitive imaging detectors with a pixelated array provided by the ASIC chip Timepix3. A 170 MeV proton beam was collimated and modulated in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Placing two dental implants at the end of the protons range in the phantom, the radiation was measured using two pixeled detectors with Si sensors. The Timepix3 (TPX3) detectors equipped with silicon sensors measure in detail particle fluxes, dose rates (DR) and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra for resolved particle types. Artificial intelligence (AI) based-trained neural networks (NN) calibrated in well-defined radiation fields were used to analyze and identify particles based on morphology and characteristic spectral-tracking response. The beam was characterized and single-particle tracks were registered and decomposed into particle-type groups. The resulting particle fluxes in both setups are resolved into three main classes of particles: i) protons, ii) electrons and photons iii) ions. Protons are the main particle component responsible for dose deposition. High-energy transfer particles (HETP), namely ions exhibited differences in both dosimetric aspects that were investigated: DR and particle fluxes, when the Ti implants were placed in the setup. The detailed multi-parametric information of the secondary radiation field provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of Ti materials in proton therapy.
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