arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2409.18511cs.CLcs.IR
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我们需要特定领域嵌入模型吗?一项实证研究

Do We Need Domain-Specific Embedding Models? An Empirical Investigation

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学)

Yixuan Tang, Yi Yang

AI总结:

本文构建金融领域嵌入基准 FinMTEB,评估七个 SOTA 模型并控制数据集复杂度,证明通用 MTEB 表现不能预测领域性能,凸显专用模型与基准的必要性。

摘要:

嵌入模型在各类 NLP 应用的信息表示与检索中发挥着关键作用。大型语言模型(LLM)的最新进展进一步提升了嵌入模型的性能,这些模型在覆盖几乎所有领域的海量文本上进行训练。它们通常在 Massive Text Embedding Benchmark(MTEB)等通用数据集上接受基准测试,并展现出优异性能。然而,一个关键问题随之出现:当通用模型已经在包含专业领域文本的庞大语料库上训练时,开发特定领域嵌入模型是否仍有必要?本文以金融领域为例,对该问题进行实证研究。我们提出 Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmark(FinMTEB),它是 MTEB 的对应基准,由金融领域专用文本数据集组成。我们在 FinMTEB 上评估七个最先进嵌入模型的性能,观察到与其在 MTEB 上的表现相比出现显著下降。为解释这种下降可能由 FinMTEB 更高复杂度所导致,我们提出四项度量来量化数据集复杂度,并在分析中控制该因素。分析提供了有力证据,表明最先进嵌入模型难以捕捉特定领域的语言和语义模式。此外,我们发现通用嵌入模型在 MTEB 上的性能与其在 FinMTEB 上的性能并不相关,这表明面向特定领域嵌入模型需要特定领域嵌入基准。本研究为 LLM 时代开发特定领域嵌入模型提供了启示。FinMTEB 的开源代码位于 https://github.com/yixuantt/FinMTEB。

英文摘要:

Embedding models play a crucial role in representing and retrieving information across various NLP applications. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have further enhanced the performance of embedding models, which are trained on massive amounts of text covering almost every domain. These models are often benchmarked on general-purpose datasets like Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB), where they demonstrate superior performance. However, a critical question arises: Is the development of domain-specific embedding models necessary when general-purpose models are trained on vast corpora that already include specialized domain texts? In this paper, we empirically investigate this question, choosing the finance domain as an example. We introduce the Finance Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (FinMTEB), a counterpart to MTEB that consists of financial domain-specific text datasets. We evaluate the performance of seven state-of-the-art embedding models on FinMTEB and observe a significant performance drop compared to their performance on MTEB. To account for the possibility that this drop is driven by FinMTEB's higher complexity, we propose four measures to quantify dataset complexity and control for this factor in our analysis. Our analysis provides compelling evidence that state-of-the-art embedding models struggle to capture domain-specific linguistic and semantic patterns. Moreover, we find that the performance of general-purpose embedding models on MTEB is not correlated with their performance on FinMTEB, indicating the need for domain-specific embedding benchmarks for domain-specific embedding models. This study sheds light on developing domain-specific embedding models in the LLM era. FinMTEB comes with open-source code at https://github.com/yixuantt/FinMTEB

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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