利用中子星物质的潜热检验引力
Testing gravity with the latent heat of neutron star matter
AI总结：
本文提出利用中子星一阶相变潜热导致的非解析特征及Seidov极限，同时探测相变与广义相对论修正，并以$f(R)=R+αR^2$理论加以说明。
摘要：
Seidov极限是对中子星物质假定一阶相变所能具有的最大潜热的一个界限：超过该值后，其未被额外压力补偿的过剩能量密度将导致引力坍缩。由于潜热会在关联物理量的图形中造成明显的非解析行为（二维图中的折点、三维图中的脊线），因此可由数据对其加以约束。鉴于坍缩的起始取决于引力强度，检验突变的导数变化，并在这些变化足够大时突破Seidov极限，将带来两项相继发现：这样一种相变（既可能源于强子物质，也可能源于引力相变），以及对广义相对论的修正（从而打破物质/引力简并）。我们以$f(R)=R+αR^2$度规引力为例阐明这一观点。
英文摘要：
The Seidov limit is a bound on the maximum latent heat that a presumed first-order phase transition of neutron-star matter can have before its excess energy density, not compensated by additional pressure, results in gravitational collapse. Because latent heat forces an apparent nonanalytic behaviour in plots correlating physical quantities (kinks in two-dimensional, ridges in three-dimensional ones), it can be constrained by data. As the onset of collapse depends on the intensity of gravity, testing for sudden derivative changes and, if they are large, breaching the Seidov limit would reward with two successive discoveries: such a phase transition (which could stem from hadron matter but also from a gravitational phase transition), and a modification of General Relativity (thus breaking the matter/gravity degeneracy). We illustrate the point with $f(R)=R+αR^2$ metric gravity.
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