中子星物质的最大潜热与广义相对论无关
Maximum latent heat of neutron star matter independently of General Relativity
AI总结：
仅基于强子物理结合微扰QCD与状态方程计算，确立了冷中子星物质最大潜热的通用物理界限，作为诊断状态方程进展与冷QCD的自然基准。
摘要：
我们确立了仅由强子物理导出的冷中子星物质最大可能比潜热的界限。现有的关于状态方程的 chiral perturbation theory 计算，结合在最高密度下相关的微扰 Quantum Chromodynamics（即使它们最终被证明在物理上不可实现），限制了实际中子星中可能存在的最大潜热。因为在 General Relativity 中这些物质已经接近引力坍缩，所以不存在更致密形态的冷物质：因此，该界限是一个通用的物理极限。即使在修改引力理论的场景中，一系列潜热极大值的存在，也通过量化其误差带所允许的最大可能（假定）相变，与诊断中子物质状态方程认知的进展相关。因此，潜热是冷 QCD 中状态方程的自然基准。
英文摘要：
We establish bounds on the maximum possible specific latent heat of cold neutron-star matter derived from hadron physics alone. Existing chiral perturbation theory computations for the equation of state, together with perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, relevant at highest densities (even if they would turn out not to be physically realizable) bind the maximum latent heat which is possible in actual neutron stars. Because these are already near gravitational collapse in General Relativity, no denser form of cold matter can exist: thus, the bounds are a generic physical limit. Even in scenarios that modify the theory of gravity, the existence of a family of latent-heat maxima is relevant to diagnose progress in the knowledge of the equation of state of neutron matter, by quantifying the maximum possible (presumed) phase transition that its error bands would allow. Thus, latent heat is a natural benchmark for the equation of state in cold QCD.
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