在弱测量方案中通过量子存储器对空波进行检验
A Test of Empty Wave via Quantum Memory in a Weak Measurement Scheme
AI总结：
本文提出结合量子存储器和弱测量的新型实验配置，通过将原子激发分配至自由空间和量子存储器模拟双缝实验，在不坍缩量子态的前提下提取部分路径信息，验证了空波的真实性，为量子测量提供了新见解。
摘要：
在量子力学中，一个长期存在的问题是：单个光子如何穿过双缝？一种直观的图像认为，光子仅穿过其中一个狭缝，而其波函数则分裂为一个“空”波和一个“满”波。然而，这种空波的真实性仍有待验证。在此，我们提出了一种结合量子存储器和弱测量的新型实验配置，以研究空波的本质。单个原子激发被概率性地分配到自由空间和量子存储器之间，类似于双缝实验中的两条路径。量子存储器充当路径探测器，由于存储的自旋波的存在，单光子拉曼散射得到增强，且不会导致量子态坍缩。这种增强被记录为经典信息，存储在量子存储器中的自旋波被提取两次，干涉可见度为79%。与传统的弱测量方案（其中弱值在后期选择中被检测到）不同，我们的方法在干涉发生之前将弱值转换为经典信息。我们的结果证明了量子存储器作为测量设备的潜力，能够在提取部分信息的同时保持相干性，为量子测量提供了新的见解。
英文摘要：
In quantum mechanics, a long-standing question remains: How does a single photon traverse double slits? One intuitive picture suggests that the photon passes through only one slit, while its wavefunction splits into an ``empty" wave and a ``full" wave. However, the reality of this empty wave is yet to be verified. Here, we present a novel experimental configuration that combines quantum memory and weak measurement to investigate the nature of the empty wave. A single atomic excitation is probabilistically split between free space and a quantum memory, analogous to the two paths in a double-slit experiment. The quantum memory serves as a path detector, where single-photon Raman scattering is enhanced due to the presence of a stored spin wave, without collapsing the quantum state. This enhancement is recorded as classical information, and the spin wave stored in the quantum memory is retrieved twice, with an interference visibility of 79%. Unlike conventional weak measurement schemes, where weak values are detected during post-selection, our approach converts the weak value into classical information before interference takes place. Our results demonstrate the potential of quantum memory as a measurement device that preserves coherence while extracting partial information, offering new insights into quantum measurement.
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