用于微重力质量测量的电容式体积传感器：微重力流体构型与推进剂管理装置的传感器校准进展
Electrical capacitance volume sensor for microgravity mass gauging: Advancements in sensor calibration for microgravity fluid configurations and propellant management devices
AI总结：
针对微重力下低温推进剂质量测量需求及地面校准难题，研发可模拟不同重力流体构型的电容式体积传感器原型，结合模拟流体实验数据与仿真结果构建机器学习模型，实现带/不带推进剂管理装置的贮箱流体质量测算。
摘要：
近年来，随着长期太空任务规划以及太空在轨加注与转移作业的推进，微重力质量测量的重要性日益凸显。对于低温推进剂而言，定期的贮箱排气操作和泄漏检测对质量测量的精度提出了特殊要求，因此该技术尤为重要。目前已有多种竞争性技术涌现，但电容式质量测量凭借其质量轻、非侵入式以及全体积检测的特点，具备多项独特优势。基于电容的测量技术近期在低温液氮和液氢的体积分数及流量测量中也取得了成功，证明其与低温推进剂的兼容性。然而，重力对流体行为的影响使得这类传感器难以在地面完成校准和测试。本文构建了一款原型传感器，可模拟微重力和地球重力构型下的流体位置。研究采用与低温推进剂电学特性相似的模拟流体，开展了推进剂加注与排放实验。该扩展数据集与先前的仿真结果进行对比，并被用于构建机器学习模型，该模型能够计算配备及未配备推进剂管理装置（propellant management devices）的贮箱内的流体质量。
英文摘要：
Microgravity mass gauging has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the acceleration in planning for long-term space missions as well as in-space refueling and transfer operations. It is of particular importance with cryogenic propellants where periodic tank venting maneuvers and leak detection place a special emphasis on accurate mass gauging. Several competing technologies have arisen, but capacitance mass gauging has several distinct advantages due to its low mass, non-intrusiveness, and whole volume interrogation technique. Capacitance based measurement has also seen recent success in measuring cryogenic liquid nitrogen and hydrogen volume fraction and flow rate, showing its compatibility with cryogenic propellants. However, the effects of gravity on fluid behavior make the calibration and testing of these sensors difficult on the ground. In this paper a prototype sensor is constructed that can emulate fluid positions in microgravity and earth gravity configurations. Experimental propellant fills and drains are conducted using a simulant fluid with similar electrical properties to cryogenic propellants. This expanded dataset is compared with previous simulation results and used to construct a machine learning model capable of calculating the fluid mass in tanks both with and without propellant management devices.
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