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arXiv 2409.09159gr-qcastro-ph.GA
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评估球状星团和麦哲伦云对LISA的引力波可探测性

Evaluating the gravitational wave detectability of globular clusters and the Magellanic Clouds for LISA

Wouter G. J. van Zeist, Gijs Nelemans, Simon F. Portegies Zwart, Jan J. Eldridge

AI总结:

本研究使用BPASS和LEGWORK模拟麦哲伦云及球状星团的致密双星群体,发现麦哲伦云各有少量LISA可探测源、球状星团不足一个,且因恒星演化代码差异,预测数量远低于早期研究,揭示代码处理差异对探测性的关键影响。

摘要:

我们使用恒星演化代码BPASS和引力波模拟代码LEGWORK,模拟可能被正在研发的天基引力波(GW)探测器LISA探测到的致密双星群体。具体而言,我们模拟麦哲伦云以及模仿多个球状星团的双星群体,忽略动力学效应。研究发现,每个麦哲伦云会有少量可探测源,但球状星团的可探测源数量不足一个。我们将结果与早期研究比较,发现预测数量比使用考虑动力学效应的恒星演化代码BSE的计算结果低数十倍,也低于使用恒星演化代码SeBa对麦哲伦云的计算结果。这与早期将银河系盘GW源的BPASS模型与BSE模型比较的研究一致,该研究发现了类似规模的差异。我们分析并解释这种差异由恒星演化代码的不同导致,特别是在双星的质量转移和公共包层事件处理上:BPASS中质量转移更可能稳定,且公共包层阶段的轨道收缩程度小于其他代码。这种差异导致BPASS群体中周期短到足以被LISA探测的致密双星更少。对于球状星团,我们认为文献中动力学效应的影响尚不确定,但恒星演化的差异会产生数十倍的影响。

英文摘要:

We use the stellar evolution code BPASS and the gravitational wave simulation code LEGWORK to simulate populations of compact binaries that may be detected by the in-development space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector LISA. Specifically, we simulate the Magellanic Clouds and binary populations mimicking several globular clusters, neglecting dynamical effects. We find that the Magellanic Clouds would have a handful of detectable sources each, but for globular clusters the amount of detectable sources would be less than one. We compare our results to earlier research and find that our predicted numbers are several tens of times lower than calculations using the stellar evolution code BSE that take dynamical effects into account, but also calculations using the stellar evolution code SeBa for the Magellanic Clouds. This correlates with earlier research which compared BPASS models for GW sources in the Galactic disk with BSE models and found a similarly sized discrepancy. We analyse and explain this discrepancy as being caused by differences between the stellar evolution codes, particularly in the treatment of mass transfer and common-envelope events in binaries, where in BPASS mass transfer is more likely to be stable and tends to lead to less orbital shrinkage in the common-envelope phase than in other codes. This difference results in fewer compact binaries with periods short enough to be detected by LISA existing in the BPASS population. For globular clusters, we conclude that the impact of dynamical effects is uncertain from the literature, but the differences in stellar evolution have an effect of a factor of a few tens.

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