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arXiv 2107.09084astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GAgr-qc
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用LISA研究大质量黑洞并合事件的可探测性

On the detectability of massive black hole merger eventsby LISA

Samuel Banks, Katharine Lee, Nazanin Azimi, Kendall Scarborough, Nikolai Stefanov, Indra Periwal, Colin DeGraf, Tiziana Di Matteo

摘要:

天基引力波探测器(例如激光干涉空间天线; LISA)和当前和即将推出的脉冲星定时阵列(PTA)的发射将把引力波窗口扩展到低频,从而对涉及大质量黑洞双星(MBHB)及其合并的动力学过程进行新的研究。预计MBHB将成为LISA探测的即将到来的低频($10^{-4}-10^{-1}$ Hz)窗口的主要来源。重要的是要研究预期的MBH合并率和相关信号,以确定潜在的LISA事件如何受到当前模型中包含的物理学的影响。为了研究这一点,我们后处理的大人口的MBHBs在Illustris模拟占动态摩擦时间延迟与BH下降/inspiral。我们发现,合并延迟与二进制的演变有可能降低预期的合并率,与$M_{\rm{BH}} > 10^6 M_\odot$ MBHB(最低质量的插图)从$\sim 3$年$^{-1}$减少到$\sim 0.1 $年$^{-1}$,并转移合并峰从z $\sim 2$ $\sim 1.25$。在这段时间里,我们估计吸积使合并的总质量从原始质量增加了7倍。然而,重要的是,与动力学摩擦相关的延迟(使合并向低红移和高质量方向移动)导致LISA带中发射的GW的信号/应变更强,平均频率从$10^{-3.1}$增加到$10^{-3.4}-10^{-4.0}$ Hz,平均应变从$10^{-17.2}$增加到$10^{-16.3}-10^{-15.3}$。最后,我们表明,包括合并延迟和相关的$M_{\rm{BH}}$增长后,合并仍然倾向于躺在典型的$M_{\rm{BH}}-M_*$关系,但与一个unmassive黑洞的可能性增加。

英文摘要:

The launch of space based gravitational wave (GW) detectors (e.g. Laser Interferometry Space Antenna; LISA) and current and upcoming Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) will extend the GW window to low frequencies, opening new investigations into dynamical processes involving massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) and their mergers across cosmic time. MBHBs are expected to be among the primary sources for the upcoming low frequency ($10^{-4}-10^{-1}$ Hz) window probed by LISA. It is important to investigate the expected MBH merger rates and associated signals, to determine how potential LISA events are affected by physics included in current models. To study this, we post-process the large population of MBHBs in the Illustris simulation to account for dynamical friction time delays associated with BH infall/inspiral. We show that merger delays associated with binary evolution have the potential to decrease the expected merger rates, with $M_{\rm{BH}} > 10^6 M_\odot$ MBHBs (the lowest mass in Illustris) decreasing from $\sim 3$ yr$^{-1}$ to $\sim 0.1 $yr$^{-1}$, and shifting the merger peak from z $\sim 2$ to $\sim 1.25$. During this time, we estimate that accretion grows the total merging mass by as much as 7x from the original mass. Importantly, however, dynamical friction associated delays (which shift the mergers toward lower-redshift and higher-masses) lead to a stronger signal/strain for the emitted GWs in the LISA band, increasing mean frequency from $10^{-3.1}$ to $10^{-3.4}-10^{-4.0}$ Hz, and mean strain from $10^{-17.2}$ to $10^{-16.3}-10^{-15.3}$. Finally, we show that after including a merger delay and associated $M_{\rm{BH}}$ growth, mergers still tend to lie on the typical $M_{\rm{BH}}-M_*$ relation, but with an increased likelihood of an undermassive black hole.

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