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arXiv 2409.08893astro-ph.GA
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本地1型活动星系核与类星体的$M_\bullet$-$σ_e$关系

The $M_\bullet$-$σ_e$ relation for local type 1 AGNs and quasars

J. Molina, L. C. Ho, K. K. Knudsen

AI总结:

本研究通过分析42个近邻1型AGN宿主星系的MUSE观测数据,采用新的环形孔径校正法估算恒星速度弥散,发现低质量黑洞范围内AGN宿主与非活动星系的$M_\bullet$-$σ_e$关系无统计差异,支持部分本地1型AGN黑洞质量偏低的观点。

摘要:

我们分析了取自Palomar-Green类星体样本和近邻活动星系核参考巡天的42个近邻$z<0.1$的1型活动星系核(AGN)宿主星系的MUSE观测数据,旨在研究1型活动星系的黑洞质量($M_\bullet$)与核球恒星速度弥散($σ_e$)之间的关系。样本的黑洞质量范围为$10^{6.0}-10^{9.2}\\,M_\odot$,热光度范围为$10^{42.9}-10^{46.0}\\,$erg$\\,$s$^{-1}$,爱丁顿比范围为0.006-1.2。我们通过在环形孔径上提取光谱来规避AGN发射的影响,对钙三重线恒星特征进行建模,测得宿主星系的恒星速度弥散$σ_* = 60-230\\,$km$\\,$s$^{-1}$。我们发现测得的$σ_*$值与此前本地AGN宿主星系的测量结果一致,但略低于近邻X射线选2型类星体的相关报道值。我们采用一种新的环形孔径校正方法,该方法考虑了核球形态和观测束展效应,可从$σ_*$估算$σ_e$,最终得到流量加权的$σ_e = 60-250\\,$km$\\,$s$^{-1}$。若在估算$M_\bullet$时考虑核球类型,我们发现在$M_\bullet \lesssim 10^8\\,M_\odot$的范围内,AGN宿主星系与非活动星系在$M_\bullet - σ_e$平面上的分布无统计学差异;反之,若计算$M_\bullet$时不考虑核球类型,则两者分布存在差异。我们还发现,在$M_\bullet \lesssim 10^8\\,M_\odot$的范围内,偏离$M_\bullet - σ_e$关系的程度与爱丁顿比之间不存在相关性。当前的统计数据尚无法对大质量范围得出确凿结论。我们认为这些观测结果支持了如下观点:相较于宿主星系的核球性质,相当一部分本地1型AGN和类星体的黑洞质量偏低。

英文摘要:

We analyzed MUSE observations of 42 local $z<0.1$ type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies taken from the Palomar-Green quasar sample and the close AGN reference survey. Our goal was to study the relation between the black hole mass ($M_\bullet$) and bulge stellar velocity dispersion ($σ_e$) for type 1 active galaxies. The sample spans black hole masses of $10^{6.0}-10^{9.2}\,M_\odot$, bolometric luminosities of $10^{42.9}-10^{46.0}\,$erg$\,$s$^{-1}$, and Eddington ratios of 0.006-1.2. We avoided AGN emission by extracting the spectra over annular apertures. We modeled the calcium triplet stellar features and measured stellar velocity dispersions of $σ_* = 60-230\,$km$\,$s$^{-1}$ for the host galaxies. We find $σ_*$ values in agreement with previous measurements for local AGN host galaxies, but slightly lower compared with those reported for nearby X-ray-selected type 2 quasars. Using a novel annular aperture correction recipe to estimate $σ_e$ from $σ_*$ that considers the bulge morphology and observation beam-smearing, we estimate flux-weighted $σ_e = 60-250\,$km$\,$s$^{-1}$. If we consider the bulge type when estimating $M_\bullet$, we find no statistical difference between the distributions of AGN hosts and the inactive galaxies on the $M_\bullet - σ_e$ plane for $M_\bullet \lesssim 10^8\,M_\odot$. Conversely, if we do not consider the bulge type when computing $M_\bullet$, we find that both distributions disagree. We find no correlation between the degree of offset from the $M_\bullet - σ_e$ relation and Eddington ratio for $M_\bullet \lesssim 10^8\,M_\odot$. The current statistics preclude firm conclusions from being drawn for the high-mass range. We argue these observations support notions that a significant fraction of the local type 1 AGNs and quasars have undermassive black holes compared with their host galaxy bulge properties.

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