一个处于圆轨道宽双星中的潜在质量间隙黑洞
A potential mass-gap black hole in a wide binary with a circular orbit
AI总结：
研究结合LAMOST视向速度与Gaia天体测量数据，发现约880天近圆轨道宽双星中存在3.6倍太阳质量的不可见伴星，为质量间隙低质量黑洞提供证据。
摘要：
通过X射线辐射识别出的黑洞质量分布表明，在3至5倍太阳质量范围内黑洞数量稀少。人们提出了修改理论来解释这一质量间隙，并认为超新星爆炸期间的诞生踢动更容易瓦解包含较低质量黑洞的双星系统。尽管近期LIGO观测揭示了该质量间隙内存在致密遗迹，但低质量黑洞能否存在于双星中仍是一个有争议的问题。预期这样的系统不会发生相互作用，也没有X射线辐射，因此可以利用视向速度和天体测量方法进行搜寻。在此，我们报告Gaia DR3 3425577610762832384，这是一个包含一颗红巨星和一个不可见天体的宽双星系统，轨道周期约为880天，偏心率接近零。通过结合来自LAMOST的视向速度测量以及来自Gaia DR2和DR3星表的天体测量数据，我们确定不可见组分的质量为$3.6^{+0.8}_{-0.5}$ $M_{\odot}$。这使该不可见伴星处于质量间隙内，有力表明存在包含低质量黑洞的双星系统。更值得注意的是，其异常宽的圆轨道的形成对当前的双星演化和超新星爆炸理论提出了挑战。
英文摘要：
Mass distribution of black holes identified through X-ray emission suggests a paucity of black holes in the mass range of 3 to 5 solar masses. Modified theories have been devised to explain this mass gap, and it is suggested that natal kicks during supernova explosion can more easily disrupt binaries with lower mass black holes. Although recent LIGO observations reveal the existence of compact remnants within this mass gap, the question of whether low-mass black holes can exist in binaries remains a matter of debate. Such a system is expected to be noninteracting without X-ray emission, and can be searched for using radial velocity and astrometric methods. Here we report Gaia DR3 3425577610762832384, a wide binary system including a red giant star and an unseen object, exhibiting an orbital period of approximately 880 days and near-zero eccentricity. Through the combination of radial velocity measurements from LAMOST and astrometric data from Gaia DR2 and DR3 catalogs, we determine a mass of $3.6^{+0.8}_{-0.5}$ $M_{\odot}$ of the unseen component. This places the unseen companion within the mass gap, strongly suggesting the existence of binary systems containing low-mass black holes. More notably, the formation of its surprisingly wide circular orbit challenges current binary evolution and supernova explosion theories.
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