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arXiv 2409.04738cs.ROcs.HC
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通过注意力建模驾驶员风险感知以改进驾驶辅助

Modeling Drivers' Risk Perception via Attention to Improve Driving Assistance

Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);Toyota Research Institute(丰田研究所)

Abhijat Biswas, John Gideon, Kimimasa Tamura, Guy Rosman

AI总结:

针对 FCW 警报冗余问题,本文基于真实部署视频和驾驶员注视标注,利用反事实轨迹预测建模驾驶员风险感知,从而降低误报并改善预警时机。

摘要:

高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)会在安全关键场景中向驾驶员发出警报,但由于未考虑驾驶员的知识或场景意识,往往会产生多余警报。由于同时记录车内驾驶员状态与外部世界状态的关键场景数据稀缺,以数据驱动方式对这些方面进行联合建模具有挑战性。我们在前向碰撞预警(FCW)系统背景下探索驾驶员建模的收益。基于真实道路 FCW 部署的视频数据集,我们收集了观察者对已部署警报有效性的主观评分。我们还标注了参与者的视线到对象的注视关系,并半自动提取自车及其他车辆的三维轨迹。我们通过两步过程生成场景风险估计和驾驶员感知:首先,将给定场景中车辆的运动建模为联合轨迹预测问题。然后,通过反事实地修改预测模型的输入,使其表示驾驶员对场景中车辆的实际观察,从而推断驾驶员对场景的风险感知。这些行为之间的差异为我们提供了一种驾驶员行为估计,该估计考虑了驾驶员实际的(注意力不集中的)观察及其对整体场景风险的下游影响。我们比较了学习型场景表示以及更传统的“最坏情况”减速模型,以实现未来轨迹预测。实验表明,使用该风险表述生成 FCW 警报,可能降低 FCW 的误报率并改善 FCW 的报警时机。

英文摘要:

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) alert drivers during safety-critical scenarios but often provide superfluous alerts due to a lack of consideration for drivers' knowledge or scene awareness. Modeling these aspects together in a data-driven way is challenging due to the scarcity of critical scenario data with in-cabin driver state and world state recorded together. We explore the benefits of driver modeling in the context of Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems. Working with real-world video dataset of on-road FCW deployments, we collect observers' subjective validity rating of the deployed alerts. We also annotate participants' gaze-to-objects and extract 3D trajectories of the ego vehicle and other vehicles semi-automatically. We generate a risk estimate of the scene and the drivers' perception in a two step process: First, we model the movement of vehicles in a given scenario as a joint trajectory forecasting problem. Then, we reason about the drivers' risk perception of the scene by counterfactually modifying the input to the forecasting model to represent the drivers' actual observations of vehicles in the scene. The difference in these behaviours gives us an estimate of driver behaviour that accounts for their actual (inattentive) observations and their downstream effect on overall scene risk. We compare both a learned scene representation as well as a more traditional ``worse-case'' deceleration model to achieve the future trajectory forecast. Our experiments show that using this risk formulation to generate FCW alerts may lead to improved false positive rate of FCWs and improved FCW timing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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