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arXiv 2409.04660astro-ph.EP
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在热木星中搜寻潮汐轨道衰减

Searching for Tidal Orbital Decay in Hot Jupiters

Efrain Alvarado, Kate B. Bostow, Kishore C. Patra, Cooper H. Jacobus, Raphael A. Baer-Way, Connor F. Jennings, Neil R. Pichay, Asia A. deGraw, Edgar P. Vidal, V… 展开作者

Efrain Alvarado, Kate B. Bostow, Kishore C. Patra, Cooper H. Jacobus, Raphael A. Baer-Way, Connor F. Jennings, Neil R. Pichay, Asia A. deGraw, Edgar P. Vidal, Vidhi Chander, Ivan A. Altunin, Victoria M. Brendel, Kingsley E. Ehrich, James D. Sunseri, Michael B. May, Druv H. Punjabi, Eli A. Gendreau-Distler, Sophia Risin, Thomas G. Brink, WeiKang Zheng, Alexei V. Filippenko

AI总结:

本研究分析多个热木星系统的凌星计时以搜寻潮汐轨道衰减,仅确认 WASP-12 b 存在衰减且无加速迹象,并评估了 WD 1856+534 b 的疑似轨道增长及 RV 探测要求。

摘要:

我们研究了多个“热木星”系统的凌星——包括 WASP-12 b、WASP-43 b、WASP-103 b、HAT-P-23 b、KELT-16 b、WD 1856+534 b 和 WTS-2 b——目标是探测潮汐轨道衰减并延长凌星时间的基线。我们发现,除了已被广泛研究的 WASP-12 b 之外,在任何被观测系统中都没有轨道衰减的证据。尽管 WASP-12 b 的轨道明确正在衰减,但我们没有发现所述轨道衰减存在加速的证据;测得的 $\ddot{P} = (-7 \pm 8) \times 10^{-14} \rm ~s^{-1}$,而预期的衰减加速度为 $\ddot{P} \approx -10^{-23} \rm ~s^{-1}$。对于 WD 1856+534 b,存在轨道增长的初步探测,其 $\dot{P} = (5.0 \pm 1.5) \times 10^{-10}$。尽管该结果在统计上显著,我们仍采取谨慎态度,等待更长时间的后续观测,再认为测得的 $\dot{P}$ 是真实的。对于大多数系统,我们给出了潮汐品质因子 $Q_\star'$ 的 95% 置信下限。本文还探讨了通过长期径向速度(RV)测量探测热木星轨道衰减的可能性。我们发现,仅凭 3 年观测探测 WASP-12 b 的轨道衰减,将需要约 $1 \rm ~m~s^{-1}$ 的 RV 精度。当前可用的 RV 测量及其精度无法探测此处研究的任何系统中的轨道衰减。

英文摘要:

We study transits of several ``hot Jupiter'' systems - including WASP-12 b, WASP-43 b, WASP-103 b, HAT-P-23 b, KELT-16 b, WD 1856+534 b, and WTS-2 b - with the goal of detecting tidal orbital decay and extending the baselines of transit times. We find no evidence of orbital decay in any of the observed systems except for that of the extensively studied WASP-12 b. Although the orbit of WASP-12 b is unequivocally decaying, we find no evidence for acceleration of said orbital decay, with measured $\ddot{P} = (-7 \pm 8) \times 10^{-14} \rm ~s^{-1}$, against the expected acceleration decay of $\ddot{P} \approx -10^{-23} \rm ~s^{-1}$. In the case of WD 1856+534 b, there is a tentative detection of orbital growth with $\dot{P} = (5.0 \pm 1.5) \times 10^{-10}$. While statistically significant, we err on the side of caution and wait for longer follow-up observations to consider the measured $\dot{P}$ real. For most systems, we provide a 95\%-confidence lower limit on the tidal quality factor, $Q_\star'$. The possibility of detecting orbital decay in hot Jupiters via long-term radial velocity (RV) measurements is also explored. We find that $\sim 1 \rm ~m~s^{-1}$ precision in RVs will be required to detect orbital decay of WASP-12 b with only 3 yr of observations. Currently available RV measurements and precision are unable to detect orbital decay in any of the systems studied here.

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