图绘制中应力的感知
The Perception of Stress in Graph Drawings
AI总结：
本文研究了人们对图绘制中“应力”布局原则的感知能力，发现即使新手的感知策略不基于定义概念，也能通过训练学会感知应力。
摘要：
大多数常见的图布局原则（又称“美学”），许多图绘制算法都基于这些原则，它们易于定义和感知。例如，相互交叉的边对数量、绘图的对称性、边界框的长宽比，或节点处的角分辨率。图绘制在多大程度上符合这些原则，可以通过观察其绘制方式来确定——即通过观察页面上的标记——而无需考虑图的底层结构。一个关键的布局原则是优化“应力”，它是许多算法的基础，例如流行的Kamada & Kawai算法和几种力导向算法。粗略地说，图绘制的应力是指在整个图绘制中，每对节点之间的几何距离与其最短路径长度成比例的程度。因此，应力的定义依赖于图的底层结构（即“路径”），而其他布局原则并不依赖于此，这使得应力难以向不熟悉图绘制原则的新手描述，并且我们认为，它也难以被感知。我们进行了一项实验，以观察人们（包括新手和专家）是否能在图绘制中看到应力，结果发现可以训练新手“看到”应力——即使他们的感知策略并非基于定义性概念。
英文摘要：
Most of the common graph layout principles (a.k.a. "aesthetics") on which many graph drawing algorithms are based are easy to define and to perceive. For example, the number of pairs of edges that cross each other, how symmetric a drawing looks, the aspect ratio of the bounding box, or the angular resolution at the nodes. The extent to which a graph drawing conforms to these principles can be determined by looking at how it is drawn -- that is, by looking at the marks on the page -- without consideration for the underlying structure of the graph. A key layout principle is that of optimising `stress', the basis for many algorithms such as the popular Kamada \& Kawai algorithm and several force-directed algorithms. The stress of a graph drawing is, loosely speaking, the extent to which the geometric distance between each pair of nodes is proportional to the shortest path between them -- over the whole graph drawing. The definition of stress therefore relies on the underlying structure of the graph (the `paths') in a way that other layout principles do not, making stress difficult to describe to novices unfamiliar with graph drawing principles, and, we believe, difficult to perceive. We conducted an experiment to see whether people (novices as well as experts) can see stress in graph drawings, and found that it is possible to train novices to `see' stress -- even if their perception strategies are not based on the definitional concepts.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
