Euclid 准备 LXIII. 超越 $Λ$CDM 的模拟与非线性。2. 非标准模拟的结果
Euclid preparation LXIII. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $Λ$CDM. 2. Results from non-standard simulations
AI总结：
本研究基于包含多种非标准模型的宇宙学 N-body 模拟，利用定制流水线生成模拟观测量并与标准 $Λ$CDM 对比，发现非标准模型留下显著印记，为暗能量与暗物质研究提供重要见解。
摘要：
Euclid 任务将以前所未有的精度测量宇宙学参数。为了区分不同的宇宙学模型，必须利用在标准 $Λ$-冷暗物质（$Λ$CDM）范式以及超越 $Λ$CDM 的多种非标准模型下运行的宇宙学模拟，生成真实的模拟观测量。我们展示了一组使用非标准模型（包括动力学暗能量、k-essence、相互作用暗能量、修改引力、大质量中微子和原初非高斯性）进行宇宙学 N-body 模拟的科学结果。我们研究了这些模型如何影响大尺度结构的形成与演化，并提供了可用于利用 Euclid 数据测试和约束这些模型的合成观测量。我们开发了一个基于 Rockstar 晕查找器和 nbodykit 大尺度结构工具包的定制流水线，以一致的方式分析非标准模拟的粒子输出，并生成诸如晕和空洞目录、质量密度场以及功率谱等模拟观测量。我们将这些观测量与标准 $Λ$CDM 模型的结果进行比较，并量化了偏差。我们发现，非标准宇宙学模型能在我们生成的合成观测量上留下显著印记。我们的结果表明，非标准宇宙学 N-body 模拟为暗能量和暗物质物理学提供了有价值的见解，这对于最大化 Euclid 的科学回报至关重要。
英文摘要：
The Euclid mission will measure cosmological parameters with unprecedented precision. To distinguish between cosmological models, it is essential to generate realistic mock observables from cosmological simulations that were run in both the standard $Λ$-cold-dark-matter ($Λ$CDM) paradigm and in many non-standard models beyond $Λ$CDM. We present the scientific results from a suite of cosmological N-body simulations using non-standard models including dynamical dark energy, k-essence, interacting dark energy, modified gravity, massive neutrinos, and primordial non-Gaussianities. We investigate how these models affect the large-scale-structure formation and evolution in addition to providing synthetic observables that can be used to test and constrain these models with Euclid data. We developed a custom pipeline based on the Rockstar halo finder and the nbodykit large-scale structure toolkit to analyse the particle output of non-standard simulations and generate mock observables such as halo and void catalogues, mass density fields, and power spectra in a consistent way. We compare these observables with those from the standard $Λ$CDM model and quantify the deviations. We find that non-standard cosmological models can leave significant imprints on the synthetic observables that we have generated. Our results demonstrate that non-standard cosmological N-body simulations provide valuable insights into the physics of dark energy and dark matter, which is essential to maximising the scientific return of Euclid.
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