一个世纪城市增长中的活动类型学
A typology of activities over a century of urban growth
AI总结：
该研究基于巴黎1829-1907年约百万条历史名录数据，将城市活动按人口标度关系划分为线性、亚线性和超线性三类，揭示其动态受历史扰动影响，为理解增长中城市的活动演变提供新视角。
摘要：
当代关于增长中城市经济活动动态的文献主要集中于几年或几十年的时间尺度。利用一个由历史名录构建的、包含约100万条记录的新地理历史数据库，我们对一座主要城市——巴黎在近一个世纪（1829-1907年）内的活动动态进行了全面分析。我们的分析表明，伴随城市增长的活动可以根据其动态及其与人口规模的标度关系分为不同类别：（i）线性类，对应居民的日常需求（食品店、服装零售商、医疗从业者）；（ii）亚线性类，对应公共服务（法律、行政、教育）；（iii）超线性类，对应城市的特定特征（短暂风尚、专业化、适时需求）。此外，这些活动的动态对历史扰动（如大型公共工程或政治冲突）非常敏感。这些结果揭示了活动演变这一增长中城市关键组成部分的规律。
英文摘要：
Contemporary literature on the dynamics of economic activities in growing cities mainly focused on a few years or decades time frames. Using a new geo-historical database constructed from historical directories with about 1 million entries, we present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of activities in a major city, Paris, over almost a century (1829-1907). Our analysis suggests that activities that accompany city growth can be classified in different categories according to their dynamics and their scaling with population: (i) linear for everyday needs of residents (food stores, clothing retailers, health care practitioners), (ii) sublinear for public services (legal, administrative, educational), (iii) superlinear for the city's specific features (passing fads, specialization, timely needs). The dynamics of these activities is in addition very sensitive to historical perturbations such as large scale public works or political conflicts. These results shed light on the evolution of activities, a crucial component of growing cities.
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