从低能物理到高能物理
High Energy Physics from Low Energy Physics
AI总结：
本文从UV/IR对称性和量子计算模拟格点规范理论两条路径研究低能物理与高能物理的关联，并在100+量子比特上首次实现一维格点QCD及β衰变实时模拟。
摘要：
低能物理与高能物理之间的分离对于物理学具有实际效用至关重要；计算炮弹轨迹并不需要量子引力的细节。然而，低能物理与高能物理并非完全独立，本论文探讨了二者相互关联的两种方式。第一种方式是通过一种紫外/红外（UV/IR）对称性，它将低能和高能散射过程联系起来。这种UV/IR对称性体现在S矩阵的几何性质中，也体现在相应有效场论中耦合常数的重整化群（RG）流中。低能核物理几乎实现了这种UV/IR对称性，这为核子-核子散射有效力程展开中形状参数很小提供了解释，并启发了一种组织中子与质子之间相互作用的新方法。第二种方式是利用量子计算机模拟格点规范理论。量子模拟依赖于量子力学规则的普适性，这些规则既可以同样适用于描述15毫开尔文温度下的（低能）transmon量子比特，也可以描述1 TeV的（高能）夸克。本论文展示了在量子计算机上对一维格点量子色动力学的首次模拟，最终实现了β衰变的实时模拟。本文还给出了在100+量子比特的量子计算机上首次模拟格点规范理论的结果。本论文为量子模拟开发的方法是“物理感知”的，并以所研究系统的对称性和长度尺度层级为指导。如果没有这些物理感知方法，在目前可用的含噪声量子计算机上就不可能实现100+量子比特的格点规范理论模拟。
英文摘要：
The separation between physics at low and high energies is essential for physics to have any utility; the details of quantum gravity are not necessary to calculate the trajectory of a cannon ball. However, physics at low and high energies are not completely independent, and this thesis explores two ways that they are related. The first is through a UV/IR symmetry that relates scattering processes at low and high energies. This UV/IR symmetry manifests in geometrical properties of the $S$-matrix, and of the RG flow of the coupling constants in the corresponding effective field theory. Low energy nuclear physics nearly realizes this UV/IR symmetry, providing an explanation for the smallness of shape parameters in the effective range expansion of nucleon-nucleon scattering, and inspiring a new way to organize the interactions between neutrons and protons. The second is through the use of quantum computers to simulate lattice gauge theories. Quantum simulations rely on the universality of the rules of quantum mechanics, which can be applied equally well to describe a (low energy) transmon qubit at 15 milli-Kelvin as a (high energy) 1 TeV quark. This thesis presents the first simulations of one dimensional lattice quantum chromodynamics on a quantum computer, culminating in a real-time simulation of beta-decay. Results from the first simulations of a lattice gauge theory on 100+ qubits of a quantum computer are also presented. The methods developed in this thesis for quantum simulation are ``physics-aware", and are guided by the symmetries and hierarchies in length scales of the systems being studied. Without these physics-aware methods, 100+ qubit simulations of lattice gauge theories would not have been possible on the noisy quantum computers that are presently available.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
