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arXiv 2409.02777cs.GT
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噢,你将看到的价格:设计一个公平交换系统以缓解个性化定价

Oh the Prices You'll See: Designing a Fair Exchange System to Mitigate Personalized Pricing

Aditya Karan, Naina Balepur, Hari Sundaram

AI总结:

本文针对在线市场个性化定价导致消费者支付不公的问题,提出一个以公平为中心的交换系统,通过匹配高低价消费者进行代购交易来降低消费者净成本,并证明高价格离散度下系统可显著提升公平性且财务可持续。

摘要:

许多在线市场基于消费者属性进行个性化定价。由于这些价格是私密的,消费者可能不知道自己为商品支付了高于最低可能价格的费用,且难以轻易采取行动以支付更少。在本文中,我们引入了一个以公平为中心的交换系统,该系统利用了个性化定价,同时仍允许消费者个体受益。我们的系统生成消费者匹配以促进交易;支付较低价格的消费者以一定费用为支付较高价格的消费者购买商品。我们探讨了各种建模选择和公平目标,以确定哪种方案能使消费者获益最大,同时为系统本身赚取收入。我们表明,当消费者单独协商交易价格,且我们的公平目标是最小化平均净成本时,我们能够实现最公平的结果。相反,当交易价格由中央设定时,消费者往往不愿进行交易。当价格离散度(或范围)较高时,系统可将每个个体的平均净成本降低66%,或将群体的平均净成本降低69%。我们发现,原始价格的高离散度是我们系统可行的必要条件。较高的离散度实际上可以导致消费者支付的净价格降低,并作为对极端个性化的制约,增加卖家的问责制。我们的结果提供了理论证据,表明这样的系统可以在财务上维持自身的同时改善消费者的公平性。

英文摘要:

Many online marketplaces personalize prices based on consumer attributes. Since these prices are private, consumers may be unaware that they have spent more on a good than the lowest possible price, and cannot easily take action to pay less. In this paper, we introduce a fairness-centered exchange system that takes advantage of personalized pricing, while still allowing consumers to individually benefit. Our system produces a matching of consumers to promote trading; the lower-paying consumer buys the good for the higher-paying consumer for some fee. We explore various modeling choices and fairness targets to determine which schema will leave consumers best off, while also earning revenue for the system itself. We show that when consumers individually negotiate the transaction price, and our fairness objective is to minimize mean net cost, we are able to achieve the most fair outcomes. Conversely, when transaction prices are centrally set, consumers are often unwilling to transact. When price dispersion (or range) is high, the system can reduce the mean net cost to each individual by $66\%$, or the mean net cost to a group by $69\%$. We find that a high dispersion of original prices is necessary for our system to be viable. Higher dispersion can actually lead to decreased net price paid by consumers, and act as a check against extreme personalization, increasing seller accountability. Our results provide theoretical evidence that such a system could improve fairness for consumers while sustaining itself financially.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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