Autonomous mobile robots have many applications in indoor unstructured environment, wherein optimal movement of the robot is needed. The robot therefore needs to navigate in unknown and dynamic environments. This paper presents an implementation of fuzzy logic controller for navigation of mobile robot in an unknown dynamically cluttered environment. Fuzzy logic controller is used here as it is capable of making inferences even under uncertainties. It helps in rule generation and decision making process in order to reach the goal position under various situations. Sensor readings from the robot and the desired direction of motion are inputs to the fuzz logic controllers and the acceleration of the respective wheels are the output of the controller. Hence, the mobile robot avoids obstacles and reaches the goal position. Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller, Membership Functions, Takagi-Sugeno-Kang FIS, Centroid Defuzzification
Zen Aerologiks；BMS College of Engineering（BMS工程学院）
The navigation system is at the heart of any mobile robot it comprises of SLAM and path planning units, which is utilized by the robot to generate a map of the environment, localize itself within it and determine an optimal a path to the destination. This paper describes the conceptualization, development, simulation and hardware implementation of GenNav a generic indoor navigation system for any mobile aerial or ground robot. The generalization is brought about by modularizing and creating independence between the software computation and hardware actuation units by providing an alternate sou…
DRAL: Deep Reinforcement Adaptive Learning for Multi-UAVs Navigation in Unknown Indoor Environment
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University of California, Irvine（加利福尼亚大学欧文分校）；George Washington University（乔治·华盛顿大学）；Beijing Sineva Robot Technology Co., Ltd（北京思知机器人科技有限公司）；University of Southern California（南加利福尼亚大学）；Santa Clara University（圣克拉拉大学）；Mangosuthu University of Technology（曼戈苏图科技大学）
SWIFT-Nav: Stability-Aware Waypoint-Level TD3 with Fuzzy Arbitration for UAV Navigation in Cluttered Environments
School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales（计算机科学与工程学院，新南威尔士大学）；Escuela de Ingeniería, Universidad Central de Chile（工程学院，智利中央大学）
AINS: Affordable Indoor Navigation Solution via Line Color Identification Using Mono-Camera for Autonomous Vehicles
Sukkur IBA University（苏库尔IBA大学）；IBA Community College, Naushahro Feroze（IBA社区学院（瑙谢罗费罗兹））；University of Genova（热那亚大学）；Kathir College of Engineering（卡蒂尔工程学院）
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague（捷克技术大学电气工程学院）
Autonomous operation of UAVs in a closed environment requires precise and reliable pose estimate that can stabilize the UAV without using external localization systems such as GNSS. In this work, we are concerned with estimating the pose from laser scans generated by an inexpensive and lightweight LIDAR. We propose a localization system for lightweight (under 200g) LIDAR sensors with high reliability in arbitrary environments, where other methods fail. The general nature of the proposed method allows deployment in wide array of applications. Moreover, seamless transitioning between different k…
In recent years, the use of non-analytical methods of computing such as fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, and neural networks has demonstrated the utility and potential of these paradigms for intelligent control of mobile robot navigation. In this paper, a theoretical model of a fuzzy based controller for an autonomous mobile robot is developed. The paper begins with the mathematical model of the robot that involves the kinematic model. Then, the fuzzy logic controller is developed and discussed in detail. The proposed method is successfully tested in simulations, and it compares the effe…
Visually impaired people usually find it hard to travel independently in many public places such as airports and shopping malls due to the problems of obstacle avoidance and guidance to the desired location. Therefore, in the highly dynamic indoor environment, how to improve indoor navigation robot localization and navigation accuracy so that they guide the visually impaired well becomes a problem. One way is to use visual SLAM. However, typical visual SLAM either assumes a static environment, which may lead to less accurate results in dynamic environments or assumes that the targets are all d…
University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；Metropolitan Fire Brigade（大都会消防局）
An autonomous indoor aerial vehicle requires reliable simul- taneous localization and mapping (SLAM), accurate flight control, and robust path planning for navigation. This paper presents a system level combination of these existing technologies for 2D navigation. An Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) called URSA (Unmanned Recon and Safety Aircraft) that can autonomously flight and mapping indoors environments with an accuracy of 2 cm was developed. Performance in indoor environments was assessed in terms of mapping and navigation precision.
University Libre du Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；TU Delft（代尔夫特理工大学）
There is a growing demand for mobile robots to operate in more variable environments, where guaranteeing safe robot navigation is a priority, in addition to time performance. To achieve this, current solutions for local planning use a specific configuration tuned to the characteristics of the application environment. In this paper, we present an approach for developing quality models that can be used by a self-adaptation framework to adapt the local planner configuration at run-time based on the perceived environment. We contribute a definition of a safety model that predicts the safety of a n…
Local or reactive navigation is essential for autonomous mobile robots which operate in an indoor environment. Techniques such as SLAM, computer vision require significant computational power which increases cost. Similarly, using rudimentary methods makes the robot susceptible to inconsistent behavior. This paper aims to develop a robot that balances cost and accuracy by using machine learning to predict the best obstacle avoidance move based on distance inputs from four ultrasonic sensors that are strategically mounted on the front, front-left, front-right, and back of the robot. The underly…
KTH Royal Institute of Technology（KTH皇家理工学院）；University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯大学）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；Cyprus University of Technology（塞浦路斯理工大学）
We present a multisensor fusion framework for the onboard real-time navigation of a quadrotor in an indoor environment. The framework integrates sensor readings from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a camera-based object detection algorithm, and an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) localisation system. Often the sensor readings are not always readily available, leading to inaccurate pose estimation and hence poor navigation performance. To effectively handle and fuse sensor readings, and accurately estimate the pose of the quadrotor for tracking a predefined trajectory, we design a Maximum Correntropy C…
KTH Royal Institute of Technology（瑞典皇家理工学院）；Cyprus University of Technology（塞浦路斯理工大学）；University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯大学）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）
We propose a multisensor fusion framework for onboard real-time navigation of a quadrotor in an indoor environment, by integrating sensor readings from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a camera-based object detection algorithm, and an Ultra-WideBand (UWB) localization system. The sensor readings from the camera-based object detection algorithm and the UWB localization system arrive intermittently, since the measurements are not readily available. We design a Kalman filter that manages intermittent observations in order to handle and fuse the readings and estimate the pose of the quadrotor f…
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt（因戈尔施塔特应用技术大学）；GeneSys Elektronik GmbH（GeneSys电子有限公司）；University of Castilla-La Mancha（卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰大学）
Autonomous driving is an important trend of the automotive industry. The continuous research towards this goal requires a precise reference vehicle state estimation under all circumstances in order to develop and test autonomous vehicle functions. However, even when lane-accurate positioning is expected from oncoming technologies, like the L5 GPS band, the question of accurate positioning in roofed areas, e.\,g., tunnels or park houses, still has to be addressed. In this paper, a novel procedure for a reference vehicle state estimation is presented. The procedure includes three main components…
This report proposes a combined optimal control and perception framework for Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) autonomous navigation in novel indoor enclosed environments, relying exclusively on on-board sensor data. We use privileged information from a simulator to generate optimal waypoints in 3D space that our perception system learns to imitate. The trained learning based perception module in turn is able to generate similar obstacle avoiding waypoints from sensor data (RGB + IMU) alone. We demonstrate the efficacy of the framework across novel scenes in the iGibson simulation environment.
In this paper we propose a number of tested ways in which a low-budget demo car could be made to navigate an indoor environment. Canny Edge Detection, Supervised Floor Detection and Imitation Learning were used separately and are contrasted in their effectiveness. The equipment used in this paper approximated an autonomous robot configured to work with a mobile device for image processing. This paper does not provide definitive solutions and simply illustrates the approaches taken to successfully achieve autonomous navigation of indoor environments. The successes and failures of all approaches…
Path planning and obstacle avoidance are the two major issues in any navigation system. Wavefront propagation algorithm, as a good path planner, can be used to determine an optimal path. Obstacle avoidance can be achieved using possibility theory. Combining these two functions enable a robot to autonomously navigate to its destination. This paper presents the approach and results in implementing an autonomous navigation system for an indoor mobile robot. The system developed is based on a laser sensor used to retrieve data to update a two dimensional world model of therobot environment. Waypoi…
Generating natural and physically feasible motions for legged robots has been a challenging problem due to its complex dynamics. In this work, we introduce a novel learning-based framework of autoregressive motion planner (ARMP) for quadruped locomotion and navigation. Our method can generate motion plans with an arbitrary length in an autoregressive fashion, unlike most offline trajectory optimization algorithms for a fixed trajectory length. To this end, we first construct the motion library by solving a dense set of trajectory optimization problems for diverse scenarios and parameter settin…
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) demonstrates its potential in learning a model-free navigation policy for robot visual navigation. However, the data-demanding algorithm relies on a large number of navigation trajectories in training. Existing datasets supporting training such robot navigation algorithms consist of either 3D synthetic scenes or reconstructed scenes. Synthetic data suffers from domain gap to the real-world scenes while visual inputs rendered from 3D reconstructed scenes have undesired holes and artifacts. In this paper, we present a new dataset collected in real-world to facil…
Nowadays, mobile robots are deployed in many indoor environments, such as offices or hospitals. These environments are subject to changes in the traversability that often happen by following repeating patterns. In this paper, we investigate the problem of navigating in such environments over extended periods of time by capturing these patterns and exploiting this knowledge to make informed decisions. Our approach incrementally estimates a model of the traversability changes from robot's observations and uses a probabilistic graphical model to make predictions at currently unobserved locations.…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；The University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology（产业技术综合研究所）
Robots are increasingly operating in indoor environments designed for and shared with people. However, robots working safely and autonomously in uneven and unstructured environments still face great challenges. Many modern indoor environments are designed with wheelchair accessibility in mind. This presents an opportunity for wheeled robots to navigate through sloped areas while avoiding staircases. In this paper, we present an integrated software and hardware system for autonomous mobile robot navigation in uneven and unstructured indoor environments. This modular and reusable software framew…
We propose an indoor navigation algorithm based on pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) using an inertial measurement unit in a smartphone and map matching. The proposed indoor navigation system is user-friendly and convenient because it requires no additional device except a smartphone and works with a pedestrian in a casual posture who is walking with a smartphone in their hand. Because the performance of the PDR decreases over time, we greatly reduced the position error of the trajectory estimated by PDR using a map matching method with a known indoor map. To verify the proposed indoor navigatio…
Natural language-based robotic navigation remains a challenging problem due to the human knowledge of navigation constraints, and destination is not directly compatible with the robot knowledge base. In this paper, we aim to translate natural destination commands into high-level robot navigation plans given a map of interest. We identify grammatically associated segments of destination description and recursively apply each of them to update a belief distribution of an area over the given map.We train a destination grounding model using a dataset of single-step belief update for precise, proxi…
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics（南京航空航天大学）；National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）
We present a target-driven navigation system to improve mapless visual navigation in indoor scenes. Our method takes a multi-view observation of a robot and a target as inputs at each time step to provide a sequence of actions that move the robot to the target without relying on odometry or GPS at runtime. The system is learned by optimizing a combinational objective encompassing three key designs. First, we propose that an agent conceives the next observation before making an action decision. This is achieved by learning a variational generative module from expert demonstrations. We then prop…
Indoor motion planning focuses on solving the problem of navigating an agent through a cluttered environment. To date, quite a lot of work has been done in this field, but these methods often fail to find the optimal balance between computationally inexpensive online path planning, and optimality of the path. Along with this, these works often prove optimality for single-start single-goal worlds. To address these challenges, we present a multiple waypoint path planner and controller stack for navigation in unknown indoor environments where waypoints include the goal along with the intermediary…
Cooperation among humans makes it easy to execute tasks and navigate seamlessly even in unknown scenarios. With our individual knowledge and collective cognition skills, we can reason about and perform well in unforeseen situations and environments. To achieve a similar potential for a robot navigating among humans and interacting with them, it is crucial for it to acquire the ability for easy, efficient and natural ways of communication and cognition sharing with humans. In this work, we aim to exploit human gestures which is known to be the most prominent modality of communication after the …
Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), University of Toronto（多伦多大学航空航天研究所（UTIAS））；Apple（苹果公司）
We present a method for generating, predicting, and using Spatiotemporal Occupancy Grid Maps (SOGM), which embed future semantic information of real dynamic scenes. We present an auto-labeling process that creates SOGMs from noisy real navigation data. We use a 3D-2D feedforward architecture, trained to predict the future time steps of SOGMs, given 3D lidar frames as input. Our pipeline is entirely self-supervised, thus enabling lifelong learning for real robots. The network is composed of a 3D back-end that extracts rich features and enables the semantic segmentation of the lidar frames, and …
Aerial navigation in GPS-denied, indoor environments, is still an open challenge. Drones can perceive the environment from a richer set of viewpoints, while having more stringent compute and energy constraints than other autonomous platforms. To tackle that problem, this research displays a biologically inspired deep-learning algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and its application in a drone navigation system. We propose an unsupervised representation learning method that yields low-dimensional latent state descriptors, that mitigates the sensitivity to perceptual aliasi…
In this paper, a method for low-cost system design oriented to indoor and outdoor autonomous navigation is illustrated. In order to provide a motivation for the solution here presented, a brief discussion of the typical drawbacks of state-of-the-art technologies is reported. Finally, an application of such a method for the design of a navigation system for blindfolded people is shown.
The problem of indoor navigation of mobile objects, using a map and measurements of distances to the walls is considered. A nonlinear filtering problem aimed at calculating the optimal, in the root-mean-square sense, of the sought parameters is formulated in the context of the Bayesian approach. The algorithm for its solution based on the point-mass method is described. The simulation results illustrating the advantages of the proposed problem statement and the resultant algorithm are discussed.
Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro（特拉斯奥斯蒙特斯与阿尔托杜罗大学）；INESC TEC；Kathmandu University（加德满都大学）；Pokhara University（博卡拉大学）
There are many systems for indoor navigation specially built for visually impaired people but only some has good accuracy for navigation. While there are solutions like global navigation satellite systems for the localization outdoors, problems arise in urban scenarios and indoors due to insufficient or failed signal reception. To build a support system for navigation for visually impaired people, in this paper we present a comparison of indoor localization and navigation system, which performs continuous and real-time processing using commercially available systems (Beacons and Decawave) unde…
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile（智利天主教大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
We present a semantically rich graph representation for indoor robotic navigation. Our graph representation encodes: semantic locations such as offices or corridors as nodes, and navigational behaviors such as enter office or cross a corridor as edges. In particular, our navigational behaviors operate directly from visual inputs to produce motor controls and are implemented with deep learning architectures. This enables the robot to avoid explicit computation of its precise location or the geometry of the environment, and enables navigation at a higher level of semantic abstraction. We evaluat…
