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arXiv 2409.02175astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
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从中断的相变产生原初黑洞

Primordial black holes from an interrupted phase transition

King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（韩国基础科学研究院）

Wen-Yuan Ai, Lucien Heurtier, Tae Hyun Jung

备注：
13 pages, 7 figures; v2: title changed, added a new section in the appendix + other minor changes, refs updated; v3: matches the published version
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 113, 023542 (2026)
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AI总结：

通过中断的相变产生原初黑洞，该机制涉及温度变化导致的气泡形成与蒸发，最终导致大规模密度扰动区域坍缩成黑洞。

摘要：

我们提出了一种通过早期物质主导阶段重加热期间中断的相变形成原初黑洞的新机制。在重加热过程中，由于压力less流体（称为reheaton）的衰变，辐射浴的温度通常会增加，达到最大温度T_max，然后下降。我们考虑由温度增加引发的一阶相变，该相变在T_max高于临界温度但不足以使气泡形成率超过宇宙膨胀时被中止。尽管气泡从未完全占据空间，但一些可能被形成并膨胀，直到温度再次下降到临界温度。我们论证这些气泡在温度进一步下降时会缩小并消失，留下具有正密度扰动的宏观球形区域。这些扰动区域会吸积周围的物质（reheatons）并最终坍缩成原初黑洞，其质量会持续增长直到辐射主导阶段开始。我们根据T_max处的气泡形成率估计这些原初黑洞的丰度，并表明从现象学角度来看，其丰度可以显著大。

英文摘要：

We propose a new mechanism of primordial black hole formation via an interrupted phase transition during the early matter-dominated stage of reheating after inflation. In reheating, induced by the decay of a pressureless fluid dominating the Universe at the end of inflation, dubbed as reheaton, the temperature of the radiation bath typically increases, reaching a maximum temperature $T_{\rm max}$, and then decreases. We consider a first-order phase transition induced by the increase of the temperature that is aborted as $T_{\rm max}$ is higher than the critical temperature but not sufficiently high for the bubble nucleation rate to overcome the expansion of the Universe. Although bubbles never fully occupy the space, some may be nucleated and expand until the temperature once again decreases to the critical temperature. We argue that these bubbles shrink and disappear as the temperature drops further, leaving behind macroscopic spherical regions with positive density perturbations. These perturbed regions accrete the surrounding matter (reheatons) and eventually collapse into primordial black holes whose mass continues to grow until the onset of radiation domination. We estimate the abundance of these primordial black holes in terms of the bubble nucleation rate at $T_{\rm max}$, and demonstrate that the abundance can be significantly large from a phenomenological perspective.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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