arXiv 2409.014002024-09-02astro-ph.GA

银河系球状星团中黑洞质量占比的推断：一种打破初始条件简并的多维方法

Inference of black-hole mass fraction in Galactic globular clusters. A multi-dimensional approach to break the initial-condition degeneracies

A. Della Croce, F. I. Aros, E. Vesperini, E. Dalessandro, B. Lanzoni, F. R. Ferraro, B. Bhat

备注：: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

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AI总结：

本文针对球状星团黑洞质量占比推断中的初始条件简并问题，基于101个蒙特卡洛模拟和30个银河系球状星团的HST观测，提出将质量分层指标与速度弥散比相结合的多维方法，以有效打破单一观测量带来的简并。

摘要：

背景。球状星团（GCs）被认为在其中心寄居着大量恒星级黑洞（BHs），因此是检验黑洞形成与留存理论的理想试验场。黑洞预计会在球状星团的结构和动力学演化中扮演重要角色，其研究已吸引了大量关注。近年来，若干工作试图约束球状星团中的黑洞质量占比，通常是通过将单一观测量（例如质量分层指标）与数值模拟得到的标度关系进行比较。目标。我们旨在揭示仅利用单一动力学参数确定黑洞质量占比时可能存在的内在简并，并识别能够打破这些简并的可能参数组合。方法。我们使用了一组101个蒙特卡洛模拟，对一个大范围的初始条件网格进行采样。特别地，我们探讨了不同的黑洞诞生时踢动速度设定对广泛采用的标度关系的影响。随后，我们将模拟结果与利用最先进的HST测光和天体测量星表对30个银河系球状星团样本获得的观测结果进行了比较。结果。我们发现，利用单一观测量来推断球状星团中当前黑洞质量占比是简并的，因为包含不同黑洞质量占比的模拟可能得到相似的数值。我们认为，将质量分层指标与球状星团速度弥散比相结合，有助于有效打破这种简并。我们表明，这样的参数组合可以利用当前可用的数据推导出来。然而，具有精确运动学测量的恒星样本有限及其对总体误差的影响，目前仍不允许我们完全区分不同的情形。

英文摘要：

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are suggested to host many stellar-mass black holes (BHs) at their centers, thus resulting in ideal testbeds for BH formation and retention theories. BHs are expected to play a major role in GC structural and dynamical evolution and their study has attracted a lot of attention. In recent years, several works attempted to constrain the BH mass fraction in GCs typically by comparing a single observable (for example mass segregation proxies) with scaling relations obtained from numerical simulations. Aims. We aim to uncover the possible intrinsic degeneracies in determining the BH mass fraction from single dynamical parameters and identify the possible parameter combinations that are able to break these degeneracies. Methods. We used a set of 101 Monte Carlo simulations sampling a large grid of initial conditions. In particular, we explored the impact of different BH natal kick prescriptions on widely adopted scaling relations. We then compared the results of our simulations with observations obtained using state-of-the-art HST photometric and astrometric catalogs for a sample of 30 Galactic GCs. Results. We find that using a single observable to infer the present-day BH mass fraction in GCs is degenerate, as similar values could be attained by simulations including different BH mass fractions. We argue that the combination of mass-segregation indicators with GC velocity dispersion ratios could help us to break this degeneracy efficiently. We show that such a combination of parameters can be derived with currently available data. However, the limited sample of stars with accurate kinematic measures and its impact on the overall errors do not allow us to discern fully different scenarios yet.

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