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arXiv 2409.00540astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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在86 GHz对M87的环状结构及延展喷流进行成像

Imaging a ring-like structure and the extended jet of M87 at 86 GHz

Jong-Seo Kim, Hendrik Mueller, Aleksei S. Nikonov, Ru-Sen Lu, Jakob Knollmueller, Torsten A. Ensslin, Maciek Wielgus, Andrei P. Lobanov

AI总结:

本文利用resolve和DoG-HiT两种新型成像算法重建M87在86 GHz的环状结构和延展喷流,测得环直径约61微角秒,并验证了环内子结构和边缘增亮喷流的稳健性。

摘要:

M87星系是进行高分辨率射电成像以研究超大质量黑洞、吸积流和相对论性喷流的主要目标之一。然而,联合观测这些结构仍然具有挑战性。2018年,GMVA+ALMA在86 GHz的观测首次实现了对环状结构和延展喷流辐射的同时重建。为了分析M87的环和喷流,以往工作主要采用传统的“CLEAN”算法,并结合RML方法“SMILI”。为检验M87 GMVA+ALMA 86 GHz观测重建结构的稳健性,我们使用两种不同的新型成像算法“resolve”和“DoG-HiT”,估计了环直径、环宽度以及可能带有中心脊的延展喷流辐射。总体而言,重建结果与“CLEAN”和“SMILI”图像一致。M87的环状结构以更高分辨率被分辨,并探索了M87环特征的后验分布。“resolve”图像显示环直径为60.9 ± 2.2微角秒,环宽度为16.0 ± 0.9微角秒。从“DoG-HiT”图像测得的环直径和环宽度分别为61.0微角秒和20.6微角秒。因此,环直径与先前工作中的估计(64 +4 -8微角秒)一致。环中的两个亮点由四种独立成像方法重建。因此,环中的子结构很可能来源于数据本身。通过“resolve”和“DoG-HiT”重建出了一致的边缘增亮喷流结构,尽管中心脊不那么显著。现代数据驱动的成像方法证实了M87中的环和喷流结构,并以新的视角补充了传统VLBI方法,用于评估所恢复特征的重要性。它们证实了先前报告的结果。

英文摘要:

The galaxy M87 is one of the prime targets for high resolution radio imaging to investigate the supermassive black hole, accretion flow, and relativistic jet. However, it remains challenging to observe them jointly. In 2018, GMVA+ALMA observations at 86 GHz enabled the simultaneous reconstruction of a ring structure and the extended jet emission. In order to analyze the ring and jet of M87, conventional 'CLEAN' algorithms were mainly employed alongside the RML method 'SMILI' in previous work. To test the robustness of the reconstructed structures of M87 GMVA+ALMA observations at 86 GHz, we estimate the ring diameter, width, and the extended jet emission with the possible central spine by two different novel imaging algorithms: 'resolve' and 'DoG-HiT'. Overall, reconstructions are consistent with the 'CLEAN' and 'SMILI' images. The ring structure of M87 is resolved at a higher resolution and the posterior distribution of M87 ring features is explored. The 'resolve' images show that the ring diameter is 60.9 +- 2.2 muas and its width is 16.0 +- 0.9 muas. The ring diameter and the ring width measured from the 'DoG-HiT' image are 61.0 muas and 20.6 muas, respectively. The ring diameter is therefore in agreement with the estimation in the previous work (64 +4 -8 muas). Two bright spots in the ring are reconstructed by four independent imaging methods. Therefore, the substructure in the ring most likely results from the data. A consistent limb-brightened jet structure is reconstructed by 'resolve' and 'DoG-HiT', albeit with a less pronounced central spine. Modern data-driven imaging methods confirm the ring and jet structure in M87, and complement traditional VLBI methods with novel perspectives on evaluating the significance of the recovered features. They confirm the result of the previous report.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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