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arXiv 2409.00192hep-ph
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具有pNGB暗物质的双标量单重态模型中的电弱相变

Electroweak Phase Transition in Two Scalar Singlet Model with pNGB Dark Matter

Dilip Kumar Ghosh, Koustav Mukherjee, Shourya Mukherjee

AI总结:

本研究在含实标量与复标量的扩展标准模型中,通过软破缺U(1)对称性产生pNGB暗物质,并利用有效三次项实现强一级电弱相变,同时分析参数空间及引力波信号。

摘要:

我们在一个扩展的标准模型框架内研究了电弱相变的动力学,该框架包含一个实标量$(\Phi)$和一个复标量$(S)$,两者都是SM规范单重态。全局$U(1)$对称性通过标量势中的$S^3$项被软破缺为$\mathcal{Z}_3$对称性。在此$U(1)$对称性破缺之后,复标量$(S)$的虚部充当赝南布-戈德斯通玻色子(pNGB)暗物质候选者,并自然地由该情景的$\mathcal{Z}_2$对称性所稳定。特别地,全局$U(1)$对称性自发破缺为离散的$\mathcal{Z}_3$子群可以在标量势中引入有效的三次项,这有助于实现强一级相变。我们分析了单步和多步一级相变,识别出满足暗物质遗迹密度约束、符合所有相关实验约束并表现出强一级电弱相变的参数空间。这些判据的相互作用显著限制了模型参数空间,常常导致遗迹密度低于观测值。此外,我们深入研究了与此框架相关的引力波特征,为补充传统暗物质直接和间接探测方法提供了有价值的见解。

英文摘要:

We investigate the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition within an extended Standard Model framework that includes one real scalar $(Φ)$ and one complex scalar $(S)$, both of which are SM gauge singlets. The global $U(1)$ symmetry is softly broken to a $\mathcal{Z}_3$ symmetry by the $S^3$ term in the scalar potential. After this $U(1)$ symmetry breaking, the imaginary component of the complex scalar $(S)$ acts as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) dark matter candidate, naturally stabilized by $\mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetry of the scenario. Specially, the spontaneous breaking of the global $U(1)$ symmetry to a discrete $\mathcal{Z}_3$ subgroup can introduce effective cubic terms in the scalar potential, which facilitates a strong first-order phase transition. We analyze both single-step and multi-step first-order phase transitions, identifying the parameter space that satisfies the dark matter relic density constraints, complies with all relevant experimental constraints, and exhibits a strong first-order electroweak phase transition. The interplay of these criteria significantly restricts the model parameter space, often leading to an under-abundant relic density. Moreover, we delve into the gravitational wave signatures associated with this framework, offering valuable insights that complement traditional dark matter direct and indirect detection methods.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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