纳赫兹引力波对单态暗物质模型中电弱相变的启示
Implications of Nano-Hertz Gravitational Waves on Electroweak Phase Transition in the Singlet Dark Matter Model
AI总结：
受纳赫兹引力波证据启发，本文研究了标准模型单态扩展中的过冷电弱相变，发现微调参数可使渗流温度降至1 GeV，导致暗物质提前冻结并受相变熵影响，从而缓解强相变与直接探测间的矛盾。
摘要：
受脉冲星计时阵列合作组近期观测到的纳赫兹随机引力波证据的启发，我们探讨了它们在标准模型单态扩展中所暗示的过冷电弱相变。我们的研究结果表明，通过在千分之一水平上调整模型参数，相应的渗流温度可连续降至1 GeV。在如此低的渗流温度下，单态暗物质可能在电弱相变之前冻结，因此相变期间产生的熵可显著影响暗物质遗迹密度。这缓解了强电弱相变要求与暗物质直接探测所施加约束之间的紧张关系，并可在未来实验中进行测试。
英文摘要：
Inspired by the recent evidences of nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational waves observed by the pulsar timing array collaborations, we explore their implied supercooled electroweak phase transition in the singlet extension of the Standard Model. Our findings reveal that by adjusting the model parameter at per milli level, the corresponding percolation temperature can be continuously lowered to 1 GeV. With such a low percolation temperature, the singlet dark matter may freeze out before the electroweak phase transition, and, consequently, the entropy generated during the transition can significantly affect the dark matter relic density. It alleviates the tension between the requirement of a strong electroweak phase transition and the constraints imposed by dark matter direct detection, and can be tested in future experiments.
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