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arXiv 2408.16735astro-ph.IM
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皮埃尔·奥格观测站的新一代FRAM:CMOS相机时代的云监测

FRAM Next Generation at the Pierre Auger Observatory: cloud monitoring in the age of CMOS cameras

Jan Ebr, Sergey Karpov

AI总结:

本文提出面向皮埃尔·奥格观测站荧光探测器视场的新一代FRAM设备,利用CMOS相机亚秒级读出和短曝光技术实现快速高分辨率云监测,并能评估云光学厚度、气溶胶消光及天空亮度,同时需解决大数据量的实时处理问题。

摘要:

恒星的可见性常被用于利用全天相机进行云层探测,然而由于可探测恒星数量有限,这类相机在近地平线区域的探测范围和分辨率受到限制。在皮埃尔·奥格观测站,当前一代FRAM机器人望远镜也将恒星可见性用于云探测,但由于视场有限,仅能覆盖少量选定的簇射事例。得益于天文CMOS相机近年来的发展,我们能够提出一种新型设备,专门针对皮埃尔·奥格观测站荧光探测器(FD)的视场进行定制设计。CMOS相机提供的亚秒级读出时间使得短曝光的高效利用成为可能,因此单个荧光探测器的视场可在半分钟内完成覆盖,其分辨率和探测范围足以发现小型云团,而整套装置的体积、复杂度和成本均显著低于现有FRAM系统。新一代FRAM(framNG)设备不仅能探测云层,还能评估云的光学厚度,提供气溶胶消光、天空亮度的信息,甚至可能记录大气现象和天体物理瞬变事件。主要挑战在于其产生的庞大数据量,这要求具备可靠的实时数据处理能力。

英文摘要:

The visibility of stars is often used for cloud detection using all-sky cameras, which have however only a limited reach and resolution near the horizon due to the lack of detectable stars. At the Pierre Auger Observatory, it is also used by the current generation of FRAM robotic telescopes, but -- due to their limited field of view -- only for a small number of selected showers. Thanks to the recent development in astronomical CMOS cameras, we are able to propose a new type of device, specifically tailored to the field of view of the fluorescence detectors (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The sub-second readout times available with CMOS cameras allows the efficient use of short exposures, and so the field of view of one FD can be covered within half a minute with a resolution and reach sufficient to detect small clouds with a setup that is significantly smaller, simpler and cheaper than the current FRAMs. The FRAM Next Generation (framNG) device will be able not only to detect clouds, but also to assess their optical thickness, provide information on aerosol extinction, sky brightness and possibly even record atmospheric phenomena and astrophysical transients. The main challenge lies in the large data volume produced which necessitates reliable real-time data processing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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