皮埃尔·奥杰天文台位于阿根廷西部一个广阔的高原上，是世界上最大的宇宙射线天文台。该观测站的目标是探测$10^{17}$电子伏特以上的宇宙射线的起源和特征，并研究这些在自然界中观测到的能量最高的粒子之间的相互作用。俄歇设计的特点是1660个水切伦科夫粒子探测器站的阵列分布在3000公里的$^2$，由24个空气荧光望远镜俯瞰。此外，三台高仰角荧光望远镜俯瞰着一个23.5公里长的$^2$，61个探测器填充阵列，间距为750米。该观测站自2008年建成以来一直在成功运行，并记录了超过40，000 km $^2$ sr年的曝光数据。本文介绍了构成俄歇天文台的探测器、相关子系统和基础设施的设计和性能。
英文摘要：
The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water-Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km$^2$ overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km$^2$, 61-detector infilled array with 750 m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km$^2$ sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Auger Observatory.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are studied with giant ground-based detector systems recording extensive air showers, induced by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. Research at the Pierre Auger Observatory - the largest of such detectors ever built -- largely contributed to a number of breakthroughs and dramatically advanced our understanding of UHECRs. Nonetheless, the results so far are still inconclusive as neither have the sources of these most energetic particles known in the Universe been determined, nor has the origin of the unambiguously established cosmic ray flux suppressi…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array: Joint Contribution to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017)
Identifying Clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using Infrared Satellite Data
我们描述了一种新的方法，识别夜间云皮埃尔俄歇天文台使用红外数据从成像仪仪器上的GOES-12和GOES-13卫星。我们比较云识别从我们的方法得到的俄歇天文台的中央激光设施。使用我们的新方法，我们现在可以每小时绘制两次皮埃尔·俄歇天文台3000平方公里范围内的云概率图，空间分辨率为~2.4 km × ~5.5 km。我们的方法也可以应用于监测其他地面观测站和空间观测站的云量。
Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array: Joint Contributions to the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017)
University of Utah（犹他大学）；Saitama University（埼玉大学）；Tokyo Institute of Technology（东京工业大学）；Hanyang University（汉阳大学）；Tokyo University of Science（东京理科大学）；Kinki University（近畿大学）；University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Osaka City University（大阪市立大学）；Shinshu University（信州大学）；Kanagawa University（神奈川大学）
Pierre Auger 观测站和望远镜阵列共同参与第35届国际宇宙射线会议，展示其在高能宇宙射线研究中的贡献。
Digital Electronics for the Pierre Auger Observatory AMIGA Muon Counters
“俄歇μ子和地面阵列填充”（AMIGA）项目为皮埃尔俄歇天文台提供直接μ子计数能力，并将其能量探测范围扩展到0.3 EeV。它目前由61个探测器对（切伦科夫表面探测器和埋μ子计数器）分布在一个750米的三角形网格上的23.5平方公里的区域。每个计数器依赖于分段的闪烁体模块，该闪烁体模块在给定时隙在每个闪烁体段上存储逻辑“0”和“1”的训练。μ子计数器数据以320 MHz进行采样和存储，从而允许检测单个光电子和实施离线触发器，该离线触发器旨在减轻多像素PMT串扰和暗速率不良效应。采集由围绕低功耗Cyclone III FPGA构建的数字电子设备执行。本文介绍了数字电子学设计，内部和外部同步方案，硬件测试，并从天文台的第一个结果。
Radio-detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory - Results and enhancements
Pierre Auger合作组织正在探索无线电探测技术的潜力，以测量广泛的空气簇射。这些设置的主要优点是可以覆盖大面积，没有大气衰减，并具有100%的占空比。俄歇工程无线电阵列（AERA）记录了兆赫范围内的无线电发射，该阵列目前由分布在大约6公里$^2$区域内的124个台站组成。这一增强侧重于能量大于10 $^{17}$ eV的宇宙射线的物理学。此外，皮埃尔·俄歇天文台正在测试基于大范围空气簇射产生的千兆赫辐射的新探测技术。目前安装了三种不同的装置并正在收集数据：MIDAS（空气簇射微波探测）和AMBER（空气簇射微波韧致辐射实验辐射计）是成像抛物面探测器的原型，而EASIER（使用电子辐射计的广泛空气簇射识别）记录了位于60多个表面探测器单元上的天线喇叭的无线电发射。将报告这些不同活动的状况以及MHz和GHz频段的新结果。
The Auger Surface Detector consists of a large array of water Cherenkov detector tanks each with a volume of 12,000 liters, for the detection of high energy cosmic rays. The accuracy in the measurement of the integrated signal amplitude of the detector unit has been studied using experimental air shower data. It can be described as a Poisson-like term with a normalization constant that depends on the zenith angle of the primary cosmic ray. This dependence reflects the increasing contribution to the signal of the muonic component of the shower, both due to the increasing muon/electromagnetic (e…
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR), of energy >10 EeV, arrive at the Earth regularly, but their sources, acceleration mechanisms, details of propagation through the universe, and particle composition remain mysteries. In addition, their interactions with the atmosphere show an unexpectedly high muon flux compared to simulations. To address these issues, the Pierre Auger Observatory, a hybrid 3000 square km ground based cosmic ray detector, is being upgraded, notably adding a completely new detection layer to measure the radio frequency emission of extensive air showers. This Radio Detector …
