激励规范不变方法在粒子物理学中的应用
Motivating Gauge-Invariant Approaches to Particle Physics
AI总结：
本文论证规范不变方法在粒子物理学中的必要性，指出标准模型基本场非规范不变，并通过Elitzur定理等数学难题说明其优势，倡导更多研究投入。
摘要：
物理学家和哲学家之间存在着显著的共识，即只有规范不变的量才可能是物理上真实的。然而，物理量必须是规范不变的这一见解并未在标准的粒子物理学方法中得到充分体现。例如，标准模型中的每一个基本场/粒子都不是规范不变的！本文的主要目标是提供一个易于理解、简洁且令人信服的分析，说明为什么哲学家和物理学家应将更多精力投入到研究规范不变的方法上。相应地，本文的论点是，追求规范不变的方法具有若干优点。例如，规范不变的重构使我们能够使粒子物理学与其所表述的数学框架保持一致。这通过诸如Elitzur定理、Gribov歧义和Haag定理等数学定理如何对标准方法构成问题，但被规范不变方法所避免来说明。
英文摘要：
There is noticeable consensus among physicists and philosophers that only gauge-invariant quantities can be physically real. However, this insight that physical quantities must be gauge-invariant is not well-reflected in standard approaches to particle physics. For instance, each and every elementary field/particle of the Standard Model fails to be gauge-invariant! The main objective of this paper is to offer an accessible, concise, and convincing analysis of why philosophers and physicists should devote more of their energy to working on gauge-invariant approaches. Correspondingly, the thesis of this paper is that pursuing gauge-invariant approaches has several virtues. For instance, gauge-invariant reformulations allow us to make particle physics consistent with the mathematical framework in which it is formulated. This is illustrated by how mathematical theorems such as Elitzur's theorem, the Gribov ambiguity, and Haag's theorem pose problems for standard approaches but are avoided by gauge-invariant approaches.
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