A crucial insight for practical quantum error correction is that different types of errors, such as single-qubit Pauli operators, typically occur with different probabilities. Finding an optimal quantum code under such biased noise is a challenging problem, related to the (generally unknown) maximum capacity of the corresponding noisy channel. A benchmark for this capacity is given by the hashing bound, which describes the performance of random stabilizer codes and leads to the matter of identifying codes that come close to the bound while also being efficiently decodable. In this work, we perform the first comprehensive analysis of asymptotically zero-rate holographic codes under biased noise. We show that many representatives from such models of this code class fulfill both the channel optimality and efficient decoding guarantees for tensor-network codes. In fact, all holographic codes tested were found to reach the hashing bound in some bias regime, while several built from the $\codepar{5,1,2}$ surface code and $\codepar{6,1,3}$ code exceed state-of-the-art code performance in the 2-Pauli noise regime. Furthermore, we consider Clifford deformations which allow all considered codes to reach the hashing bound for 1-Pauli noise as well. Our results establish that holographic codes, which were previously shown to possess efficient tensor-network decoders, also exhibit competitive thresholds under biased noise.
LEGO_HQEC: Automating the Analysis, Construction, and Decoding of Holographic Quantum Codes
QuTech, Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学量子技术研究所）；Quantum and Computer Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学量子与计算机工程系）；Freie Universität Berlin（柏林自由大学）；Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工大学）
Freie Universität Berlin（柏林自由大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Google Quantum AI（谷歌量子人工智能）；IBM Quantum, T. J. Watson Research Center（IBM量子，T.J.沃森研究中心）；IBM Denmark（IBM丹麦）
