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arXiv 2408.05932physics.chem-ph
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构建具有量子化学可迁移精度的精确高效通用原子机器学习模型

Constructing accurate and efficient general-purpose atomistic machine learning model with transferable accuracy for quantum chemistry

Yicheng Chen, Wenjie Yan, Zhanfeng Wang, Jianming Wu, Xin Xu

AI总结:

本文提出XPaiNN模型扩展,结合直接学习和Δ-ML两种训练策略,在量子化学多类任务上实现了兼具精度、效率与可迁移性的通用原子机器学习。

摘要:

密度泛函理论(DFT)一直是计算科学的基石,通过第一性原理量子力学(QM)计算为分子和材料的结构-性质关系提供了强有力的洞察。然而,原子机器学习(ML)的兴起正在重塑这一格局,它能够在达到DFT等效精度的同时大幅降低计算成本,从而实现大规模动力学模拟和高通量筛选。然而,开发作为QM计算替代品的通用原子ML模型面临若干挑战,特别是在模型容量、数据效率以及跨化学多样体系的迁移性方面。本工作引入了可极化原子相互作用神经网络(即XPaiNN)的一种新型扩展来应对这些挑战。采用了两种不同的训练策略,一种是直接学习,另一种是在半经验QM方法之上的$Δ$-ML。这些方法已在同一框架内实现,从而能够对其结果进行详细比较。XPaiNN模型,尤其是采用$Δ$-ML的模型,不仅在标准基准上表现出具有竞争力的性能,而且在包括非共价相互作用、反应能量学、势垒高度、几何优化和反应热力学等在内的综合下游任务中,也证明了其相对于其他ML模型和QM方法的有效性。本工作代表了在追求精确高效的通用原子ML模型方面迈出的重要一步,该模型能够以可迁移的精度处理复杂化学体系。

英文摘要:

Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been a cornerstone in computational science, providing powerful insights into structure-property relationships for molecules and materials through first-principles quantum-mechanical (QM) calculations. However, the advent of atomistic machine learning (ML) is reshaping the landscape by enabling large-scale dynamics simulations and high-throughput screening at DFT-equivalent accuracy with drastically reduced computational cost. Yet, the development of general-purpose atomistic ML models as surrogates for QM calculations faces several challenges, particularly in terms of model capacity, data efficiency, and transferability across chemically diverse systems. This work introduces a novel extension of the polarizable atom interaction neural network (namely, XPaiNN) to address these challenges. Two distinct training strategies have been employed, one direct-learning and the other $Δ$-ML on top of a semi-empirical QM method. These methodologies have been implemented within the same framework, allowing for a detailed comparison of their results. The XPaiNN models, in particular the one using $Δ$-ML, not only demonstrate competitive performance on standard benchmarks, but also demonstrate the effectiveness against other ML models and QM methods on comprehensive downstream tasks, including non-covalent interactions, reaction energetics, barrier heights, geometry optimization and reaction thermodynamics, etc. This work represents a significant step forward in the pursuit of accurate and efficient atomistic ML models of general-purpose, capable of handling complex chemical systems with transferable accuracy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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