以史蒂文·温伯格精神构建的粒子欧几里得有效理论
Euclidean Effective Theory for Partons in the Spirit of Steven Weinberg
AI总结：
本文提出用等时欧几里得关联子替代光锥关联来表述粒子物理，从而通过格点QCD模拟直接计算精度可控的x分布，并以大强子动量作为自然截断消除光锥发散，体现了温伯格有效场论与威尔逊重整化群的思想。
摘要：
粒子物理的标准表述涉及强子中夸克和胶子场的光锥关联，这导致一种普遍印象，即它只能通过实时哈密顿量动力学或光前量子化来研究，而这些方法受到非微扰计算的挑战，需要针对光锥/快度发散（或零模）引入合适的调节子。因此，标准格点QCD研究仅限于间接的粒子观测量，如前几阶矩和短程关联，这些观测量在不求解依赖模型的逆问题的情况下无法提供$x$分布。在此我描述一种用等时（或欧几里得）关联子表述粒子的替代方案，它允许通过格点QCD模拟计算精度可控的$x$分布。这种方法符合温伯格关于有效场理论的开创性思想以及威尔逊的重整化群思想，其中大的强子动量作为光锥/快度发散的自然截断，并最终可以通过类似格点QCD中“完美作用量”程序的方法予以消除。
英文摘要：
The standard formulation of parton physics involves light-cone correlations of quark and gluon fields in a hadron, which leads to a widespread impression that it can only be studied through real-time Hamiltonian dynamics or light-front quantization, which are challenged by non-perturbative computations with a pertinent regulator for light-cone/rapidity divergences (or zero modes). As such, standard lattice QCD studies have been limited to indirect parton observables such as first few moments and short-distance correlations, which do not provide the $x$-distributions without solving the model-dependent inverse problem. Here I describe an alternative formulation of partons in terms of equal-time (or Euclidean) correlators, which allows to compute precision-controlled $x$-distribution through lattice QCD simulations. This approach is in accord with Weinberg's pioneering idea of effective field theory as well as Wilson's renormalization group, in which the large hadron momentum serves as a natural cut-off for light-cone/rapidity divergences and can ultimately be eliminated through a method like the ``perfect action'' program in lattice QCD.
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