Cross-Modality Clustering-based Self-Labeling for Multimodal Data Classification
Faculty of Information；Communication Technology Wrocław University of Science；School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom
Technological advances facilitate the ability to acquire multimodal data, posing a challenge for recognition systems while also providing an opportunity to use the heterogeneous nature of the information to increase the generalization capability of models. An often overlooked issue is the cost of the labeling process, which is typically high due to the need for a significant investment in time and money associated with human experts. Existing semi-supervised learning methods often focus on operating in the feature space created by the fusion of available modalities, neglecting the potential for cross-utilizing complementary information available in each modality. To address this problem, we propose Cross-Modality Clustering-based Self-Labeling (CMCSL). Based on a small set of pre-labeled data, CMCSL groups instances belonging to each modality in the deep feature space and then propagates known labels within the resulting clusters. Next, information about the instances' class membership in each modality is exchanged based on the Euclidean distance to ensure more accurate labeling. Experimental evaluation conducted on 20 datasets derived from the MM-IMDb dataset indicates that cross-propagation of labels between modalities -- especially when the number of pre-labeled instances is small -- can allow for more reliable labeling and thus increase the classification performance in each modality.
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Facebook AI
To reduce a model size but retain performance, we often rely on knowledge distillation (KD) which transfers knowledge from a large "teacher" model to a smaller "student" model. However, KD on multimodal datasets such as vision-language tasks is relatively unexplored, and digesting multimodal information is challenging since different modalities present different types of information. In this paper, we perform a large-scale empirical study to investigate the importance and effects of each modality in knowledge distillation. Furthermore, we introduce a multimodal knowledge distillation framework…
Buffer replay enhances the robustness of multimodal learning under missing-modality
College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University（湖南大学计算机科学与电子工程学院）；School of Computer Science Central South University（中南大学计算机学院）
Resilient Vision-Tabular Multimodal Learning under Modality Missingness
Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma（人工智能与计算机系统研究单位，工程系，罗马生物医学大学）；Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University（诊断与干预系，辐射物理，生物医学工程，乌梅大学）
School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学电子与信息工程学院）
Learning joint embedding space for various modalities is of vital importance for multimodal fusion. Mainstream modality fusion approaches fail to achieve this goal, leaving a modality gap which heavily affects cross-modal fusion. In this paper, we propose a novel adversarial encoder-decoder-classifier framework to learn a modality-invariant embedding space. Since the distributions of various modalities vary in nature, to reduce the modality gap, we translate the distributions of source modalities into that of target modality via their respective encoders using adversarial training. Furthermore…
Deep Multimodal Learning with Missing Modality: A Survey
The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）；Adelaide University（阿德莱德大学）；The University of Surrey（萨里大学）
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技设计大学）
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis is an active area of research that leverages multimodal signals for affective understanding of user-generated videos. The predominant approach, addressing this task, has been to develop sophisticated fusion techniques. However, the heterogeneous nature of the signals creates distributional modality gaps that pose significant challenges. In this paper, we aim to learn effective modality representations to aid the process of fusion. We propose a novel framework, MISA, which projects each modality to two distinct subspaces. The first subspace is modality-invariant, w…
Humans are able to create rich representations of their external reality. Their internal representations allow for cross-modality inference, where available perceptions can induce the perceptual experience of missing input modalities. In this paper, we contribute the Multimodal Hierarchical Variational Auto-encoder (MHVAE), a hierarchical multimodal generative model for representation learning. Inspired by human cognitive models, the MHVAE is able to learn modality-specific distributions, of an arbitrary number of modalities, and a joint-modality distribution, responsible for cross-modality in…
Saarland University（萨尔大学）；MPI for Software Systems（马克斯·普朗克软件系统研究所）
A number of variational autoencoders (VAEs) have recently emerged with the aim of modeling multimodal data, e.g., to jointly model images and their corresponding captions. Still, multimodal VAEs tend to focus solely on a subset of the modalities, e.g., by fitting the image while neglecting the caption. We refer to this limitation as modality collapse. In this work, we argue that this effect is a consequence of conflicting gradients during multimodal VAE training. We show how to detect the sub-graphs in the computational graphs where gradients conflict (impartiality blocks), as well as how to l…
Enhancing multimodal cooperation via sample-level modality valuation
Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China（中国人民大学高瓴人工智能学院）；Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods（北京大数据管理与分析方法重点实验室）
Robult: Leveraging Redundancy and Modality Specific Features for Robust Multimodal Learning
Siebel School of Computing and Data Science, UIUC, US（UIUC计算机与数据科学学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC, US（UIUC电气与计算机工程学院）；VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, VinUniversity, Vietnam（Vin大学-伊利诺伊智能健康中心）
Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute（清华-伯克利深圳学院）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Multimodal learning has achieved great successes in many scenarios. Compared with unimodal learning, it can effectively combine the information from different modalities to improve the performance of learning tasks. In reality, the multimodal data may have missing modalities due to various reasons, such as sensor failure and data transmission error. In previous works, the information of the modality-missing data has not been well exploited. To address this problem, we propose an efficient approach based on maximum likelihood estimation to incorporate the knowledge in the modality-missing data.…
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Multimodal learning (MML) aims to jointly exploit the common priors of different modalities to compensate for their inherent limitations. However, existing MML methods often optimize a uniform objective for different modalities, leading to the notorious "modality imbalance" problem and counterproductive MML performance. To address the problem, some existing methods modulate the learning pace based on the fused modality, which is dominated by the better modality and eventually results in a limited improvement on the worse modal. To better exploit the features of multimodal, we propose Prototypi…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Shanghai University of International Business and Economics（上海对外经贸大学）
Learning modality-fused representations and processing unaligned multimodal sequences are meaningful and challenging in multimodal emotion recognition. Existing approaches use directional pairwise attention or a message hub to fuse language, visual, and audio modalities. However, those approaches introduce information redundancy when fusing features and are inefficient without considering the complementarity of modalities. In this paper, we propose an efficient neural network to learn modality-fused representations with CB-Transformer (LMR-CBT) for multimodal emotion recognition from unaligned…
Addressing Missing and Noisy Modalities in One Solution: Unified Modality-Quality Framework for Low-quality Multimodal Data
Department of Computer Science（计算机科学系）；South China Normal University（华南师范大学）；School of Electronics and Information Technology（电子与信息学院）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
Balanced Multimodal Learning: An Unidirectional Dynamic Interaction Perspective
Institute of Big Data Science and Industry（大数据科学与产业研究院）；Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Science Intelligence of Shanxi Province（山西省进化智能科学重点实验室）；Shanxi University（山西大学）
Token-Level Contrastive Learning with Modality-Aware Prompting for Multimodal Intent Recognition
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology（北京信息科学与技术国家研究中心）；Hebei University of Science and Technology（河北科技大学）
