随着视觉Transformer（ViTs）和自监督学习（SSL）技术的进步，预训练的大型ViTs已成为计算机视觉应用的新基础模型。然而，研究表明，与卷积神经网络（CNNs）一样，ViTs也容易受到对抗攻击，输入中的细微扰动即可欺骗模型做出错误预测。本文研究了这种对抗脆弱性从预训练ViT模型到下游任务的迁移性。我们专注于逐样本迁移攻击，并提出了一种名为下游迁移攻击（Downstream Transfer Attack，DTA）的新攻击方法。对于给定的测试图像，DTA利用预训练ViT模型生成对抗样本，然后将该对抗样本应用于攻击在下游数据集上微调后的模型版本。在攻击过程中，DTA以余弦相似度损失为指导，识别并利用预训练模型中最脆弱的层来生成高度可迁移的攻击。通过在3种不同预训练方法、3种微调方案和10个不同下游数据集上对预训练ViTs进行的大量实验，我们表明DTA实现了超过90%的平均攻击成功率（ASR），大幅超越现有方法。当与对抗训练结合使用时，我们的DTA生成的对抗样本可以显著提高模型对不同下游迁移攻击的鲁棒性。
英文摘要：
With the advancement of vision transformers (ViTs) and self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques, pre-trained large ViTs have become the new foundation models for computer vision applications. However, studies have shown that, like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), ViTs are also susceptible to adversarial attacks, where subtle perturbations in the input can fool the model into making false predictions. This paper studies the transferability of such an adversarial vulnerability from a pre-trained ViT model to downstream tasks. We focus on \emph{sample-wise} transfer attacks and propose a novel attack method termed \emph{Downstream Transfer Attack (DTA)}. For a given test image, DTA leverages a pre-trained ViT model to craft the adversarial example and then applies the adversarial example to attack a fine-tuned version of the model on a downstream dataset. During the attack, DTA identifies and exploits the most vulnerable layers of the pre-trained model guided by a cosine similarity loss to craft highly transferable attacks. Through extensive experiments with pre-trained ViTs by 3 distinct pre-training methods, 3 fine-tuning schemes, and across 10 diverse downstream datasets, we show that DTA achieves an average attack success rate (ASR) exceeding 90\%, surpassing existing methods by a huge margin. When used with adversarial training, the adversarial examples generated by our DTA can significantly improve the model's robustness to different downstream transfer attacks.
This work conducts the first analysis on the robustness against adversarial attacks on self-supervised Vision Transformers trained using DINO. First, we evaluate whether features learned through self-supervision are more robust to adversarial attacks than those emerging from supervised learning. Then, we present properties arising for attacks in the latent space. Finally, we evaluate whether three well-known defense strategies can increase adversarial robustness in downstream tasks by only fine-tuning the classification head to provide robustness even in view of limited compute resources. Thes…
Defense Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Military Science（中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院）
The phenomenon of adversarial examples has been revealed in variant scenarios. Recent studies show that well-designed adversarial defense strategies can improve the robustness of deep learning models against adversarial examples. However, with the rapid development of defense technologies, it also tends to be more difficult to evaluate the robustness of the defensed model due to the weak performance of existing manually designed adversarial attacks. To address the challenge, given the defensed model, the efficient adversarial attack with less computational burden and lower robust accuracy is n…
This paper aims to explain adversarial attacks in terms of how adversarial perturbations contribute to the attacking task. We estimate attributions of different image regions to the decrease of the attacking cost based on the Shapley value. We define and quantify interactions among adversarial perturbation pixels, and decompose the entire perturbation map into relatively independent perturbation components. The decomposition of the perturbation map shows that adversarially-trained DNNs have more perturbation components in the foreground than normally-trained DNNs. Moreover, compared to the nor…
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Recently, 3D adversarial attacks, especially adversarial attacks on point clouds, have elicited mounting interest. However, adversarial point clouds obtained by previous methods show weak transferability and are easy to defend. To address these problems, in this paper we propose a novel point cloud attack (dubbed AOF) that pays more attention on the low-frequency component of point clouds. We combine the losses from point cloud and its low-frequency component to craft adversarial samples. Extensive experiments…
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Information Sciences Institution（信息科学研究所）
The growing number of adversarial attacks in recent years gives attackers an advantage over defenders, as defenders must train detectors after knowing the types of attacks, and many models need to be maintained to ensure good performance in detecting any upcoming attacks. We propose a way to end the tug-of-war between attackers and defenders by treating adversarial attack detection as an anomaly detection problem so that the detector is agnostic to the attack. We quantify the statistical deviation caused by adversarial perturbations in two aspects. The Least Significant Component Feature (LSCF…
Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Hong Kong Baptist University（香港浸会大学）；Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications（重庆邮电大学）
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial noise. Their adversarial robustness can be improved by exploiting adversarial examples. However, given the continuously evolving attacks, models trained on seen types of adversarial examples generally cannot generalize well to unseen types of adversarial examples. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose to remove adversarial noise by learning generalizable invariant features across attacks which maintain semantic classification information. Specifically, we introduce an adversarial feature learning mechanism to disentangle inva…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）
While deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, considerably few efforts have been paid to construct robust deep tracking algorithms against adversarial attacks. Current studies on adversarial attack and defense mainly reside in a single image. In this work, we first attempt to generate adversarial examples on top of video sequences to improve the tracking robustness against adversarial attacks. To this end, we take temporal motion into consideration when generating lightweight perturbations over the estimated tracking results frame-by-frame. On one hand,…
National Technical University Dnipro Polytechnic（第聂伯彼得罗夫斯克国立技术大学）
Neural networks are now actively being used for computer vision tasks in security critical areas such as robotics, face recognition, autonomous vehicles yet their safety is under question after the discovery of adversarial attacks. In this paper we develop simplified adversarial attack algorithms based on a scoping idea, which enables execution of fast adversarial attacks that minimize structural image quality (SSIM) loss, allows performing efficient transfer attacks with low target inference network call count and opens a possibility of an attack using pen-only drawings on a paper for the MNI…
Adversarial attacks have been shown to be highly effective at degrading the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs). The most prominent defense is adversarial training, a method for learning a robust model. Nevertheless, adversarial training does not make DNNs immune to adversarial perturbations. We propose a novel solution by adopting the recently suggested Predictive Normalized Maximum Likelihood. Specifically, our defense performs adversarial targeted attacks according to different hypotheses, where each hypothesis assumes a specific label for the test sample. Then, by comparing the hypo…
Adversarial patch attack is a family of attack algorithms that perturb a part of image to fool a deep neural network model. Existing patch attacks mostly consider injecting adversarial patches at input-agnostic locations: either a predefined location or a random location. This attack setup may be sufficient for attack but has considerable limitations when using it for adversarial training. Thus, robust models trained with existing patch attacks cannot effectively defend other adversarial attacks. In this paper, we first propose an end-to-end patch attack algorithm, Generative Dynamic Patch Att…
National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center（国家数字交换系统工程技术研究中心）
In image classification of deep learning, adversarial examples where inputs intended to add small magnitude perturbations may mislead deep neural networks (DNNs) to incorrect results, which means DNNs are vulnerable to them. Different attack and defense strategies have been proposed to better research the mechanism of deep learning. However, those research in these networks are only for one aspect, either an attack or a defense, not considering that attacks and defenses should be interdependent and mutually reinforcing, just like the relationship between spears and shields. In this paper, we p…
This study provides a new understanding of the adversarial attack problem by examining the correlation between adversarial attack and visual attention change. In particular, we observed that: (1) images with incomplete attention regions are more vulnerable to adversarial attacks; and (2) successful adversarial attacks lead to deviated and scattered attention map. Accordingly, an attention-based adversarial defense framework is designed to simultaneously rectify the attention map for prediction and preserve the attention area between adversarial and original images. The problem of adding iterat…
College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics（南京航空航天大学计算机科学与技术学院）
Efficient and effective attacks are crucial for reliable evaluation of defenses, and also for developing robust models. Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attack has been demonstrated to be one of the most successful adversarial attacks. However, the effect of the standard PGD attack can be easily weakened by rescaling the logits, while the original decision of every input will not be changed. To mitigate this issue, in this paper, we propose Scale-Invariant Adversarial Attack (SI-PGD), which utilizes the angle between the features in the penultimate layer and the weights in the softmax layer to…
Advances in the development of adversarial attacks have been fundamental to the progress of adversarial defense research. Efficient and effective attacks are crucial for reliable evaluation of defenses, and also for developing robust models. Adversarial attacks are often generated by maximizing standard losses such as the cross-entropy loss or maximum-margin loss within a constraint set using Projected Gradient Descent (PGD). In this work, we introduce a relaxation term to the standard loss, that finds more suitable gradient-directions, increases attack efficacy and leads to more efficient adv…
Adversarial attacks pose safety and security concerns to deep learning applications, but their characteristics are under-explored. Yet largely imperceptible, a strong trace could have been left by PGD-like attacks in an adversarial example. Recall that PGD-like attacks trigger the ``local linearity'' of a network, which implies different extents of linearity for benign or adversarial examples. Inspired by this, we construct an Adversarial Response Characteristics (ARC) feature to reflect the model's gradient consistency around the input to indicate the extent of linearity. Under certain condit…
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；US Army Research Laboratory（美国陆军研究实验室）
Image classification is vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This work investigates the robustness of Saak transform against adversarial attacks towards high performance image classification. We develop a complete image classification system based on multi-stage Saak transform. In the Saak transform domain, clean and adversarial images demonstrate different distributions at different spectral dimensions. Selection of the spectral dimensions at every stage can be viewed as an automatic denoising process. Motivated by this observation, we carefully design strategies of feature extraction, represen…
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been more and more applied in mobile robotics such as intelligent vehicles. Security of CNNs in robotics applications is an important issue, for which potential adversarial attacks on CNNs are worth research. Pooling is a typical step of dimension reduction and information discarding in CNNs. Such information discarding may result in mis-deletion and mis-preservation of data features which largely influence the output of the network. This may aggravate the vulnerability of CNNs to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we conduct adversarial attacks on CNN…
Recent optical flow methods are almost exclusively judged in terms of accuracy, while their robustness is often neglected. Although adversarial attacks offer a useful tool to perform such an analysis, current attacks on optical flow methods focus on real-world attacking scenarios rather than a worst case robustness assessment. Hence, in this work, we propose a novel adversarial attack - the Perturbation-Constrained Flow Attack (PCFA) - that emphasizes destructivity over applicability as a real-world attack. PCFA is a global attack that optimizes adversarial perturbations to shift the predicted…
Black-box attacks usually face two problems: poor transferability and the inability to evade the adversarial defense. To overcome these shortcomings, we create an original approach to generate adversarial examples by smoothing the linear structure of the texture in the benign image, called AdvSmo. We construct the adversarial examples without relying on any internal information to the target model and design the imperceptible-high attack success rate constraint to guide the Gabor filter to select appropriate angles and scales to smooth the linear texture from the input images to generate adver…
Torchattacks is a PyTorch library that contains adversarial attacks to generate adversarial examples and to verify the robustness of deep learning models. The code can be found at https://github.com/Harry24k/adversarial-attacks-pytorch.
Duke University（杜克大学）；Hewlett Packard Labs（惠普实验室）；Air Force Research Lab（美国空军研究实验室）
Some recent works revealed that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to so-called adversarial attacks where input examples are intentionally perturbed to fool DNNs. In this work, we revisit the DNN training process that includes adversarial examples into the training dataset so as to improve DNN's resilience to adversarial attacks, namely, adversarial training. Our experiments show that different adversarial strengths, i.e., perturbation levels of adversarial examples, have different working zones to resist the attack. Based on the observation, we propose a multi-strength adversarial tra…
Machine Learning (ML) models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial inputs and researchers have demonstrated that even production systems, such as self-driving cars and ML-as-a-service offerings, are susceptible. These systems represent a target for bad actors. Their disruption can cause real physical and economic harm. When attacks on production ML systems occur, the ability to attribute the attack to the responsible threat group is a critical step in formulating a response and holding the attackers accountable. We pose the following question: can adversarially perturbed inputs be attribut…
Despite extensive research into adversarial attacks, we do not know how adversarial attacks affect image pixels. Knowing how image pixels are affected by adversarial attacks has the potential to lead us to better adversarial defenses. Motivated by instances that we find where strong attacks do not transfer, we delve into adversarial examples at pixel level to scrutinize how adversarial attacks affect image pixel values. We consider several ImageNet architectures, InceptionV3, VGG19 and ResNet50, as well as several strong attacks. We find that attacks can have different effects at pixel level d…
Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are tools or software that are widely used to maintain the computer networks and information systems keeping them secure and preventing malicious traffics from penetrating into them, as they flag when somebody is trying to break into the system. Best effort has been set up on these systems, and the results achieved so far are quite satisfying, however, new types of attacks stand out as the technology of attacks keep evolving, one of these attacks are the attacks based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) that can evade machine learning IDS leaving…
Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. White-box adversarial attacks can fool neural networks with small adversarial perturbations, especially for large size images. However, keeping successful adversarial perturbations imperceptible is especially challenging for transfer-based black-box adversarial attacks. Often such adversarial examples can be easily spotted due to their unpleasantly poor visual qualities, which compromises the threat of adversarial attacks in practice. In this study, to improve the image quality of black-box adversarial examples perceptually, we propos…
MagNet and "Efficient Defenses..." were recently proposed as a defense to adversarial examples. We find that we can construct adversarial examples that defeat these defenses with only a slight increase in distortion.
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently led to significant improvements in many fields. However, DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples which are samples with imperceptible perturbations while dramatically misleading the DNNs. Adversarial attacks can be used to evaluate the robustness of deep learning models before they are deployed. Unfortunately, most of existing adversarial attacks can only fool a black-box model with a low success rate. To improve the success rates for black-box adversarial attacks, we proposed an iterated adversarial attack against an ensemble of image classifiers.…
University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣巴巴拉分校）；Mayachitra Inc（玛雅奇特拉公司）
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are susceptible to adversarial attacks and deception both during training and deployment. Automatic reverse engineering of the toolchains behind these adversarial machine learning attacks will aid in recovering the tools and processes used in these attacks. In this paper, we present two techniques that support automated identification and attribution of adversarial ML attack toolchains using Co-occurrence Pixel statistics and Laplacian Residuals. Our experiments show that the proposed techniques can identify parameters used to generate adversarial samples. To t…
With the excellent accuracy and feasibility, the Neural Networks have been widely applied into the novel intelligent applications and systems. However, with the appearance of the Adversarial Attack, the NN based system performance becomes extremely vulnerable:the image classification results can be arbitrarily misled by the adversarial examples, which are crafted images with human unperceivable pixel-level perturbation. As this raised a significant system security issue, we implemented a series of investigations on the adversarial attack in this work: We first identify an image's pixel vulnera…
Defense Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Military Science（中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University（西安电子科技大学人工智能学院）
The robustness of deep neural networks (DNN) models has attracted increasing attention due to the urgent need for security in many applications. Numerous existing open-sourced tools or platforms are developed to evaluate the robustness of DNN models by ensembling the majority of adversarial attack or defense algorithms. Unfortunately, current platforms do not possess the ability to optimize the architectures of DNN models or the configuration of adversarial attacks to further enhance the robustness of models or the performance of adversarial attacks. To alleviate these problems, in this paper,…
Adding perturbations via utilizing auxiliary gradient information or discarding existing details of the benign images are two common approaches for generating adversarial examples. Though visual imperceptibility is the desired property of adversarial examples, conventional adversarial attacks still generate traceable adversarial perturbations. In this paper, we introduce a novel Adversarial Attack via Invertible Neural Networks (AdvINN) method to produce robust and imperceptible adversarial examples. Specifically, AdvINN fully takes advantage of the information preservation property of Inverti…
Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学计算机科学系）；Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室）
While there has been substantial research using adversarial attacks to analyze NLP models, each attack is implemented in its own code repository. It remains challenging to develop NLP attacks and utilize them to improve model performance. This paper introduces TextAttack, a Python framework for adversarial attacks, data augmentation, and adversarial training in NLP. TextAttack builds attacks from four components: a goal function, a set of constraints, a transformation, and a search method. TextAttack's modular design enables researchers to easily construct attacks from combinations of novel an…
Adversarial attack is a technique for deceiving Machine Learning (ML) models, which provides a way to evaluate the adversarial robustness. In practice, attack algorithms are artificially selected and tuned by human experts to break a ML system. However, manual selection of attackers tends to be sub-optimal, leading to a mistakenly assessment of model security. In this paper, a new procedure called Composite Adversarial Attack (CAA) is proposed for automatically searching the best combination of attack algorithms and their hyper-parameters from a candidate pool of \textbf{32 base attackers}. We…
Rutgers University - School of Engineering（罗格斯大学工程学院）；MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, IBM Research（IBM研究院麻省理工学院-IBM沃森人工智能实验室）
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attack despite their tremendous success in many AI fields. Adversarial attack is a method that causes the intended misclassfication by adding imperceptible perturbations to legitimate inputs. Researchers have developed numerous types of adversarial attack methods. However, from the perspective of practical deployment, these methods suffer from several drawbacks such as long attack generating time, high memory cost, insufficient robustness and low transferability. We propose a Content-aware Adversarial Attack Generator (CAG) to achieve r…
University of California, San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校）；Google Brain（谷歌大脑）
There has been an ongoing cycle where stronger defenses against adversarial attacks are subsequently broken by a more advanced defense-aware attack. We present a new approach towards ending this cycle where we "deflect'' adversarial attacks by causing the attacker to produce an input that semantically resembles the attack's target class. To this end, we first propose a stronger defense based on Capsule Networks that combines three detection mechanisms to achieve state-of-the-art detection performance on both standard and defense-aware attacks. We then show that undetected attacks against our d…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Indiana University Bloomington（印第安纳大学伯明顿分校）
As an essential tool in security, the intrusion detection system bears the responsibility of the defense to network attacks performed by malicious traffic. Nowadays, with the help of machine learning algorithms, intrusion detection systems develop rapidly. However, the robustness of this system is questionable when it faces adversarial attacks. For the robustness of detection systems, more potential attack approaches are under research. In this paper, a framework of the generative adversarial networks, called IDSGAN, is proposed to generate the adversarial malicious traffic records aiming to a…
Adversarial attacks have been extensively investigated for machine learning systems including deep learning in the digital domain. However, the adversarial attacks on optical neural networks (ONN) have been seldom considered previously. In this work, we first construct an accurate image classifier with an ONN using a mesh of interconnected Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI). Then a corresponding adversarial attack scheme is proposed for the first time. The attacked images are visually very similar to the original ones but the ONN system becomes malfunctioned and generates wrong classification …
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；University of New Hampshire（新罕布什尔大学）
Despite the strong performance of current NLP models, they can be brittle against adversarial attacks. To enable effective learning against adversarial inputs, we introduce the use of rationale models that can explicitly learn to ignore attack tokens. We find that the rationale models can successfully ignore over 90% of attack tokens. This approach leads to consistent sizable improvements ($\sim$10%) over baseline models in robustness on three datasets for both BERT and RoBERTa, and also reliably outperforms data augmentation with adversarial examples alone. In many cases, we find that our met…
Stevens Institute of Technology（史蒂文斯理工学院）；Oklahoma State University（俄克拉荷马州立大学）
We propose a novel defensive mechanism based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) framework to defend against adversarial attacks in end-to-end communications systems. Specifically, we utilize a generative network to model a powerful adversary and enable the end-to-end communications system to combat the generative attack network via a minimax game. We show that the proposed system not only works well against white-box and black-box adversarial attacks but also possesses excellent generalization capabilities to maintain good performance under no attacks. We also show that our GAN-based en…
Texas A&M University – San Antonio（德克萨斯农工大学圣安东尼奥分校）
Neural text detectors aim to decide the characteristics that distinguish neural (machine-generated) from human texts. To challenge such detectors, adversarial attacks can alter the statistical characteristics of the generated text, making the detection task more and more difficult. Inspired by the advances of mutation analysis in software development and testing, in this paper, we propose character- and word-based mutation operators for generating adversarial samples to attack state-of-the-art natural text detectors. This falls under white-box adversarial attacks. In such attacks, attackers ha…
We propose a new adversarial attack to Deep Neural Networks for image classification. Different from most existing attacks that directly perturb input pixels, our attack focuses on perturbing abstract features, more specifically, features that denote styles, including interpretable styles such as vivid colors and sharp outlines, and uninterpretable ones. It induces model misclassfication by injecting imperceptible style changes through an optimization procedure. We show that our attack can generate adversarial samples that are more natural-looking than the state-of-the-art unbounded attacks. T…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）
The black-box adversarial attack has attracted impressive attention for its practical use in the field of deep learning security. Meanwhile, it is very challenging as there is no access to the network architecture or internal weights of the target model. Based on the hypothesis that if an example remains adversarial for multiple models, then it is more likely to transfer the attack capability to other models, the ensemble-based adversarial attack methods are efficient and widely used for black-box attacks. However, ways of ensemble attack are rather less investigated, and existing ensemble att…
Adversarial attacks pose a threat to deep learning models. However, research on adversarial detection methods, especially in the multi-modal domain, is very limited. In this work, we propose an efficient and straightforward detection method based on the temporal correlation between audio and video streams. The main idea is that the correlation between audio and video in adversarial examples will be lower than benign examples due to added adversarial noise. We use the synchronisation confidence score as a proxy for audiovisual correlation and based on it we can detect adversarial attacks. To th…
Under adversarial attacks, time series regression and classification are vulnerable. Adversarial defense, on the other hand, can make the models more resilient. It is important to evaluate how vulnerable different time series models are to attacks and how well they recover using defense. The sensitivity to various attacks and the robustness using the defense of several time series models are investigated in this study. Experiments are run on seven-time series models with three adversarial attacks and one adversarial defense. According to the findings, all models, particularly GRU and RNN, appe…
Monash University（莫纳什大学）；Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence（国防部国防科学技术集团）
Deep neural network image classifiers are reported to be susceptible to adversarial evasion attacks, which use carefully crafted images created to mislead a classifier. Many adversarial attacks belong to the category of dense attacks, which generate adversarial examples by perturbing all the pixels of a natural image. To generate sparse perturbations, sparse attacks have been recently developed, which are usually independent attacks derived by modifying a dense attack's algorithm with sparsity regularisations, resulting in reduced attack efficiency. In this paper, we aim to tackle this task fr…
While vision-language pre-training model (VLP) has shown revolutionary improvements on various vision-language (V+L) tasks, the studies regarding its adversarial robustness remain largely unexplored. This paper studied the adversarial attack on popular VLP models and V+L tasks. First, we analyzed the performance of adversarial attacks under different settings. By examining the influence of different perturbed objects and attack targets, we concluded some key observations as guidance on both designing strong multimodal adversarial attack and constructing robust VLP models. Second, we proposed a…
IBM Research（IBM研究院）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
We introduce a grey-box adversarial attack and defence framework for sentiment classification. We address the issues of differentiability, label preservation and input reconstruction for adversarial attack and defence in one unified framework. Our results show that once trained, the attacking model is capable of generating high-quality adversarial examples substantially faster (one order of magnitude less in time) than state-of-the-art attacking methods. These examples also preserve the original sentiment according to human evaluation. Additionally, our framework produces an improved classifie…
Recent studies have shown that adversarial examples hand-crafted on one white-box model can be used to attack other black-box models. Such cross-model transferability makes it feasible to perform black-box attacks, which has raised security concerns for real-world DNNs applications. Nevertheless, existing works mostly focus on investigating the adversarial transferability across different deep models that share the same modality of input data. The cross-modal transferability of adversarial perturbation has never been explored. This paper investigates the transferability of adversarial perturba…
Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University（空军工程大学空管领航学院）；Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University（空军工程大学信息与导航学院）；Henan University of Technology（河南工业大学）
Vulnerability of various machine learning methods to adversarial examples has been recently explored in the literature. Power systems which use these vulnerable methods face a huge threat against adversarial examples. To this end, we first propose a signal-specific method and a universal signal-agnostic method to attack power systems using generated adversarial examples. Black-box attacks based on transferable characteristics and the above two methods are also proposed and evaluated. We then adopt adversarial training to defend systems against adversarial attacks. Experimental analyses demonst…
Condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategies exploit machine learning models to assess the health status of systems based on the collected data from the physical environment, while machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. A malicious adversary can manipulate the collected data to deceive the machine learning model and affect the CBM system's performance. Adversarial machine learning techniques introduced in the computer vision domain can be used to make stealthy attacks on CBM systems by adding perturbation to data to confuse trained models. The stealthy nature causes dif…
Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly being integrated into embedded and IoT systems that surround us, and they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. The deployment of these ML algorithms on resource-limited embedded platforms also requires the use of model compression techniques. The impact of such model compression techniques on adversarial robustness in ML is an important and emerging area of research. This article provides an overview of the landscape of adversarial attacks and ML model compression techniques relevant to embedded systems. We then describe efforts that seek to …
