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arXiv 2408.01656math.OCcs.LG
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仓库作业中动态订单拣选的深度强化学习

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Order Picking in Warehouse Operations

University of South Florida(南佛罗里达大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Carey Business School(凯瑞商学院);University of Newcastle(纽卡斯尔大学);School of Information and Physical Sciences(信息与物理科学学院)

Sasan Mahmoudinazlou, Abhay Sobhanan, Hadi Charkhgard, Ali Eshragh, George Dunn

AI总结:

本文提出一种面向单区块仓库自主拣选设备的深度强化学习框架,通过动态优化拣选路径,在高订单到达率下将订单完成率从基准算法的82%提升至约98%,并验证了模型在样本外实例上的鲁棒性。

摘要:

订单拣选是仓库中的关键作业,直接影响整体效率和盈利能力。本研究针对动态订单拣选问题,这是现代仓库管理中的一个重要问题,其中对波动的订单到达进行实时适应以及高效的拣选员路径规划至关重要。传统方法通常依赖于围绕固定订单集设计的静态优化算法来进行拣选员路径规划,难以应对这种动态环境的挑战。为克服这些挑战,我们提出了一种深度强化学习(DRL)框架,专为配备自主拣选设备的单区块仓库设计。通过动态优化拣选员路径,我们的方法显著减少了订单吞吐时间和未完成订单,尤其是在高订单到达率下。我们将DRL模型与既有算法进行基准比较,使用基于订单拣选文献中标准实践生成的实例。实验结果表明,我们的DRL模型优于基准算法。例如,在0.09的高订单到达率(即平均每100个时间单位9个订单)下,我们的方法实现了约98%的订单完成率,而基准算法观察到的完成率为82%。我们进一步研究了奖励函数中一个超参数的集成,该超参数允许在行驶距离和订单完成时间之间进行灵活平衡。最后,我们证明了DRL模型在样本外测试实例上的鲁棒性。

英文摘要:

Order picking is a pivotal operation in warehouses that directly impacts overall efficiency and profitability. This study addresses the dynamic order picking problem, a significant concern in modern warehouse management, where real-time adaptation to fluctuating order arrivals and efficient picker routing are crucial. Traditional methods, which often depend on static optimization algorithms designed around fixed order sets for the picker routing, fall short in addressing the challenges of this dynamic environment. To overcome these challenges, we propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework tailored for single-block warehouses equipped with an autonomous picking device. By dynamically optimizing picker routes, our approach significantly reduces order throughput times and unfulfilled orders, particularly under high order arrival rates. We benchmark our DRL model against established algorithms, utilizing instances generated based on standard practices in the order picking literature. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our DRL model over benchmark algorithms. For example, at a high order arrival rate of 0.09 (i.e., 9 orders per 100 units of time on average), our approach achieves an order fulfillment rate of approximately 98%, compared to the 82% fulfillment rate observed with benchmarking algorithms. We further investigate the integration of a hyperparameter in the reward function that allows for flexible balancing between distance traveled and order completion time. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of our DRL model on out-of-sample test instances.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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