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arXiv 2408.00467hep-thhep-ph
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全息QCD中极强磁场下相变对夸克-胶子等离子体的影响

Impact of the phase transition on Quark-Gluon Plasma with an extremely strong magnetic field in holographic QCD

Xuanmin Cao, Hui Liu

AI总结:

本研究利用全息QCD模型探究极强磁场下夸克-胶子等离子体的相变,发现不同磁场强度对应不同相变类型并确定临界点,同时揭示磁场对喷注淬火参数的各向异性增强效应,提出其可作为相变指示量。

摘要:

我们采用全息量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)模型,重点研究熵和压强性质,探究极强背景磁场下的相变过程。在磁场强度相对适中时,研究发现随着温度升高,正常相和夸克-胶子等离子体(Quark-Gluon Plasma,QGP)相之间呈现交叉过渡。与之相反,在极强磁场作用下,观测到一级相变。我们确定了临界点位于$(eB_c, T_c) \approx (2.8623 \text{GeV}^2, 0.1191 \text{GeV})$,对应二级相变。该相结构与《物理评论D》第105卷034511页(2022年)报道的格点模拟预测定性一致。此外,我们探究了不同相下磁场对喷注淬火参数的影响。在零磁场($eB = 0$)时,归一化喷注淬火参数$\hat{q} / T^3$随温度单调递增。但在存在背景磁场时,归一化喷注淬火参数不仅表现出方向各向异性,还出现普遍增强,在临界温度区域附近尤为明显。这一观测结果表明,喷注淬火参数有望作为相变的指示量。

英文摘要:

We investigate the phase transition within an extremely strong magnetic background field, employing a holographic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) model with a focus on entropy and pressure properties. At relatively modest magnetic field strengths, our study discerns a crossover transition between the normal phase and the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase as the temperature rises. In contrast, under the influence of an extremely strong magnetic field, a first-order phase transition is observed. A critical point is identified at $ (eB_c, T_c) \approx (2.8623 \, \text{GeV}^2, 0.1191 \, \text{GeV}) $, which corresponds to a second-order phase transition. This phase structure is found to be in qualitative agreement with lattice simulation predictions reported in [Phys. Rev. D \textbf{105}, 034511 (2022)]. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the magnetic field on the jet quenching parameter across various phases. At zero magnetic field ($ eB = 0$ ), the normalized jet quenching parameter $ \hat{q} / T^3 $ exhibits a monotonic increase with temperature. However, in the presence of a magnetic background field, the normalized jet quenching parameters not only display directional anisotropy but also experience a universal enhancement, particularly in the vicinity of the critical temperature region. This observation suggests that the jet quenching parameter could potentially act as an indicator of phase transitions.

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