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arXiv 2407.11490cond-mat.mes-hall
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分数量子化电子自旋激发的 Mach-Zehnder 干涉

Mach-Zehnder interference of fractionalized electron-spin excitations

Takase Shimizu, Eiki Iyoda, Satoshi Sasaki, Akira Endo, Shingo Katsumoto, Norio Kumada, Masayuki Hashisaka

AI总结:

本文研究了共传播量子霍尔边缘通道中电子态在分数化过程中的相干演化,在 Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪中观测到由自旋激发分裂导致的二阶干涉,为电子自旋态的空间分离编码提供了新方法。

摘要:

通道间库仑相互作用混合了共传播量子霍尔边缘通道中的电荷激发,产生了以不同速度传播的耦合激发本征模。这种模式变换导致电子态分裂成碎片,对应于手性一维电子系统的 Tomonaga-Luttinger 液体模型。本文报道了在采用自旋向上和自旋向下共传播通道作为干涉路径的 Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪中,电子态在分数化过程中的相干演化。我们观察到干涉可见度随干涉路径间施加的电压偏置发生振荡,这归因于具有不同相位演化的分数化自旋激发之间的二阶干涉。这一观察与预测仅有一阶干涉的单粒子图像形成对比,后者反映了自旋向上和自旋向下叠加态在单向输运过程中的相位演化。二阶干涉体现了叠加态向相互独立的快慢激发的相干分裂。我们的观察提供了一种新方法,即将分数化过程用于把电子自旋态编码到空间分离的碎片中。

英文摘要:

Inter-channel Coulomb interaction mixes charge excitations in copropagating quantum Hall edge channels, generating coupled excitation eigenmodes propagating at different speeds. This mode transformation causes an electron state to split into fragments, corresponding to the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model of a chiral one-dimensional electronic system. This paper reports the coherent evolution of an electron state under the fractionalization process in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing copropagating spin-up and spin-down channels as the interference paths. We observe the interference visibility oscillations as a function of the voltage bias applied between the interference paths, which are attributed to the second-order interference between the fractionalized spin excitations with different phase evolutions. This observation contrasts with the single-particle picture that predicts only the first-order interference, reflecting the phase evolution of a spin-up and spin-down superposition state during the one-way transport. The second-order interference manifests the coherent splitting of the superposition state to the mutually independent fast and slow excitations. Our observation offers the fractionalization process as a novel way to encode an electron spin state to spatially separated fragments.

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