描绘黑暗模式监管的学术研究图景：跨学科视角下概念、监管范式与解决方案的系统综述
Mapping the Scholarship of Dark Pattern Regulation: A Systematic Review of Concepts, Regulatory Paradigms, and Solutions from an Interdisciplinary Perspective
AI总结：
本研究遵循PRISMA指南，从法学与人机交互跨学科视角系统综述65项黑暗模式监管研究，梳理其法学研究特征、现存问题与危害，批判现行监管不足，探讨监管障碍并提出有前景的监管路径。
摘要：
黑暗模式（Dark patterns）是在线界面上用于操纵用户决策过程的设计技巧，已引发公众担忧。然而，针对黑暗模式监管的研究仍处于欠发达且分散的状态，尤其是在学者对相关概念、监管范式和解决方案的看法方面。本研究遵循PRISMA（系统评价与荟萃分析优先报告条目）指南，从法学与人机交互的跨学科研究领域出发，系统综述了关于黑暗模式监管讨论的形式与内容。研究通过内容分析和主题分析，共分析了65项研究。本研究综合了黑暗模式相关法学研究的独特趋势与特征，识别出五个根本问题和三层危害。研究从法学理论和部门立法层面对现行监管措施进行了批判，强调其在应对黑暗模式方面的不足。本文还批判性地审视了现有的拟议解决方案，包括法律学说的范式转变、现有框架的完善、嵌入技术设计的解决方案，以及设计实践的问责措施。本研究批判性地探讨了当前实现有效黑暗模式监管面临的障碍，并探索了有前景的监管解决方案。难以界定各类黑暗模式的规范属性、难以识别明确且可诉诸法律的危害，以及黑暗模式内涵范围的不断扩大，都从本质上阻碍了有效监管的实现。不过，嵌入技术设计的解决方案、问责框架和实用设计指南为更主动的监管提供了潜在路径，而法律多元主义则是黑暗模式监管范式在宏观层面的一项有前景的变革方向。
英文摘要：
Dark patterns, design tricks used on online interfaces to manipulate users decision-making process, have raised public concerns. However, research on regulation of dark pattern remains underdeveloped and scattered, particularly regarding scholars views on the concept, regulatory paradigms, and solutions. Following PRISMA guidelines, this paper systematically reviews the formats and content of regulatory discussions on dark patterns from the interdisciplinary scholarship of Law and Human-Computer Interaction. A total of 65 studies were analysed through content and thematic analysis. This study synthesises the unique trends and characteristics of legal scholarship on dark patterns, identifying five root problems and triple layered harms. It critiques current regulations in terms of legal theories and sectoral legislations, highlighting their inadequacies in addressing dark patterns. The paper also critically examines existing proposed solutions, including paradigmatic shifts in legal doctrines, refinements to existing frameworks, technical design-embedded solutions, and accountability measures for design practices. This research critically discusses the current barriers to effective dark pattern regulations and explores promising regulatory solutions. The difficulty in identifying the normative nature of various forms of dark patterns, in identifying evident and actionable harm, and the expanding scope of dark patterns connotation inherently hinders effective regulation. However, technical design-embedded solutions, accountability frameworks, and practical design guidelines offer potential routes for more proactive regulation, while legal pluralism stands as a promising macro-level change in regulatory paradigms for dark pattern regulation.
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