低温离子束储存环中阴离子金团簇Au$_N^-$（$N=2-13,15$）的冷却
Cooling of gold cluster anions, Au$_N^-$, $N=2-13,15$, in a cryogenic ion-beam storage ring
AI总结：
该研究在低温离子束储存环DESIREE中测量了不同尺寸阴离子金团簇的衰变，发现除二聚体外的团簇存在辐射冷却及奇偶振荡特性，并与阳离子金团簇的冷却特性进行了对比。
摘要：
我们测量了尺寸范围为$N=2$至13及15的阴离子金团簇Au$_N^-$的自发和光诱导衰变。在溅射离子源中产生后，尺寸选择的团簇被储存在低温静电离子束储存环DESIREE中，并在0.1至100秒的储存时间内测量其中和衰变。观察到二聚体在长时间内通过电子发射与中性原子发射平行衰变，类似于铜和银二聚体的行为，这意味着玻恩-奥本海默近似的失效。除二聚体外，所有团簇尺寸均观察到辐射冷却。团簇$N=3,6,8-13,15$的衰变速率仅显示单一辐射冷却时间。对于$N=6-13$，冷却时间具有强烈的奇偶振荡，振幅随团簇尺寸减小，且偶数$N$具有快速冷却。我们将结果与之前对应阳离子金团簇Au$_N^+$的辐射冷却速率测量结果进行比较，后者也显示奇偶效应，振荡振幅相似，但时间尺度短几个数量级，且与阴离子相位相反。
英文摘要：
We have measured the spontaneous and photo-induced decays of anionic gold clusters, Au$_N^-$, with sizes ranging from $N = 2$ to 13, and 15. After production in a sputter ion source, the size-selected clusters were stored in the cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring DESIREE and their neutralization decays were measured for storage times between 0.1 and 100 s. The dimer was observed to decay by electron emission in parallel to neutral atom emission at long times, analogously to the behavior of copper and silver dimers, implying a breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Radiative cooling is observed for all cluster sizes except for the dimer. The decay rates of clusters $N=3,6,8-13,15$ show only a single radiative cooling time. For $N=6-13$ the cooling times have a strong odd-even oscillation with an amplitude that decrease with cluster size, and with the even $N$ having the fast cooling. We compare our results with previous measurements of radiative cooling rates of the corresponding cationic gold clusters, Au$_N^+$, which also show an odd-even effect with a similar oscillation amplitude but at orders of magnitude shorter time scales, and out of phase with the anions.
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