Memory Lower Bounds and Impossibility Results for Anonymous Dynamic Broadcast
School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence and Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学计算与增强智能学院及生物设计生物计算、安全与社会中心)
Garrett Parzych, Joshua J. Daymude
备注:
18 pages, 3 figures, 1 algorithm
发表信息:
38th International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2024), pp. 35:1-35:18
广播是一种普遍存在的分布式计算问题,支撑着许多其他系统任务。在静态连通网络中,最近的研究表明,广播可以在无节点内存且仅使用常数大小消息的情况下,以最坏情况渐近最优时间解决(Hussak and Trehan, PODC'19/STACS'20/DC'23)。然而,在对抗性拓扑变化的动态环境中,现有算法依赖标识符、端口标签或多项式内存来解决广播和计算节点输入上的函数。我们研究了匿名、同步、1-区间连通动态网络中空间高效的终止广播算法,并首次引入了该设置下的内存下界。具体来说,我们证明对于空闲启动算法(只有广播者最初可以发送消息),带有终止检测的广播是不可能的,否则每个节点需要Ω(log n)内存,其中n是网络中的节点数。即使将终止条件放宽为稳定终止(最终不再发送额外消息),我们证明任何空闲启动算法必须使用ω(1)内存,从而将匿名广播的静态和动态设置区分开来。这个下界并非远离最优,因为我们提出了一种算法,使用每个节点O(log n)内存,在最坏情况渐近最优时间内解决带有稳定终止的广播。总之,这些结果揭示了在匿名动态网络中,非平凡终止计算需要非恒定内存的必要性。
英文摘要:
Broadcast is a ubiquitous distributed computing problem that underpins many other system tasks. In static, connected networks, it was recently shown that broadcast is solvable without any node memory and only constant-size messages in worst-case asymptotically optimal time (Hussak and Trehan, PODC'19/STACS'20/DC'23). In the dynamic setting of adversarial topology changes, however, existing algorithms rely on identifiers, port labels, or polynomial memory to solve broadcast and compute functions over node inputs. We investigate space-efficient, terminating broadcast algorithms for anonymous, synchronous, 1-interval connected dynamic networks and introduce the first memory lower bounds in this setting. Specifically, we prove that broadcast with termination detection is impossible for idle-start algorithms (where only the broadcaster can initially send messages) and otherwise requires $Ω(\log n)$ memory per node, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network. Even if the termination condition is relaxed to stabilizing termination (eventually no additional messages are sent), we show that any idle-start algorithm must use $ω(1)$ memory per node, separating the static and dynamic settings for anonymous broadcast. This lower bound is not far from optimal, as we present an algorithm that solves broadcast with stabilizing termination using $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$ memory per node in worst-case asymptotically optimal time. In sum, these results reveal the necessity of non-constant memory for nontrivial terminating computation in anonymous dynamic networks.
Breathe before Speaking: Efficient Information Dissemination Despite Noisy, Limited and Anonymous Communication
分布式计算模型通常假定处理器之间的通信可靠。虽然这样的假设通常适用于工程网络,例如,由于潜在的纠错协议,它们与生物系统的相关性非常有限,在生物系统中,消息在到达目的地之前经常被扭曲。在这项研究中,我们采取了第一步,通过严格分析由简单的代理人组成的大型匿名人群中的通信模型,通过简短和高度不可靠的消息进行交互,以减少这种差距。我们重点讨论广播问题和多数人一致性问题。两者都是分布式计算中的基本信息传播问题,其中代理的目标是收敛到某些指定的期望意见。我们开始研究这些问题中存在的通信噪声。我们的通信模型非常弱,并且遵循推送八卦通信范式:在每一轮中,希望发送信息的每个代理都会向随机的匿名代理发送消息。这种通信被进一步限制为仅包含一个比特(基本上表示意见)。最后,假设系统噪声很大,对于一些小的$ε>0$,发送的每个消息中的比特以概率$1/2-ε$独立翻转。即使在这个严格限制,随机和嘈杂的设置,我们给自然的协议,有效地解决了嘈杂的广播和嘈杂的多数共识问题。我们的协议在$O(\log n / ε^2)$轮中运行,总共使用$O(n \log n / ε^2)$消息/位,其中$n$是代理的数量。这些界限是渐近最优的,事实上,是快速和有效的消息,如果每个代理将同时直接通知代理知道规定的期望意见。